Syllabus 2016/2017 for Faculty of Medicine (English Division) – I and II year’s students

Biochemistry

I. Department of Biochemistry

II. Head of the Unit: dr Ewa Kopkowska

III. Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program,

V. Form of the classes - lectures, laboratory classes, tests, presentations

VI. Form of crediting/assessment:

a) second semester (summer) of the first year - credit with grade, 6,5 ECTS

b) third semester (winter) of the second year – exam, 3 ECTS

VII. Subject hours:

a) second semester (summer) of the first year - 50 hours of lectures, 40 hours of laboratory classes

b) third semester (winter) of the second year - 30 hours of lectures, 30 hours of laboratory classes

Lectures

1. Characteristics of the solutions (strong and weak electrolytes). Ionic product of water. Buffer solutions. Water balance.

2. Osmotic properties. The osmotic pressure. Donnan equilibrium. Solubility. Colloidal solutions.

3. Basic concepts of chemical thermodynamics. The flow of energy. The kinetics of the reaction; the rate of the reaction, the reaction rate constant. Organic compounds - the physical properties and characteristic reactions.

4. Amino acids – structures and properties. The properties of the peptide bond. The structure and function of biologically important peptides. Structure and biosynthesis of insulin.

5. Proteins - classification, characteristics of I, II, III and IV structures. Post-translational modifications of proteins. Structure and synthesis of collagen. The importance of proteins in the maintenance of acid-base balance, amphoteric properties of the proteins. Serum proteins - types, concentration, diagnostic significance. Structure of immunoglobulins.

6. The correlation between the structure of the protein and its function - ribonuclease, myoglobin, hemoglobin.

7. Enzyme - structure, characteristics, enzyme-substrate complexes. The concept of isoenzyme. Physical and chemical properties of isoenzymes. Isoenzymes importance in the diagnosis. Classification of enzymes.

8. Kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. Michaelis-Menten equation and allosteric enzyme kinetics. Factors influencing the enzymatic activity. Types of inhibition and inhibitors used in medicine.

9. Water- and fat- soluble vitamins - the structure and role in metabolism. Structure of co-enzymes and their functions in the enzymatic reactions.

10. Classification of carbohydrates, examples of biologically important mono-, di- and polysaccharides. Glukosaminoglucans and glycoproteins - structure, examples, the biologica importance.

11. Glucose as a source of ATP - the reactions of the glycolysis pathway, substrate phosphorylation, regulation of glycolysis. Glycolysis under anaerobic conditions (Cori cycle), glycolysis in red blood cells. Metabolism of fructose and galactose. Metabolism of fructose and galactose.

12. Gluconeogenesis – the pathway and its regulation. The synthesis and degradation of glycogen, diseases resulting from disorders of glycogen metabolism. Hormonal regulation of a glucose level in the blood - the role of insulin, glucagon, adrenaline.

13. The pentose phosphate pathway and its special role in the body, disorders resulting from a lack of synthesis of NADPH.

14. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. The tricarboxylic acid cycle – the TCA cycle.

15. Mitochondrial transmembrane transport systems and transport of NADH. The respiratory chain inhibitors, and compounds uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Bioenergetics - high-energy compounds, the ATP yield of the oxidation of glucose molecule.

Laboratory classes

Summer semester of the first year

1. Practical 1Revision of basic chemical reactions

2. Practical 2Preparation of buffer solutions – determination of buffer capacity

3. Practical 3Dialysis of Kongo red solution contaminated with potassium thiocyanate

4. Practical 4The medically significant organic compunds

5. Test 1

6. Practical 6Chemical properties of amino acids and proteins

7. Practical 7 Preparation and purification of invertase

8. Practical 8The kinetics of the enzymatic reaction

9. Test 2

10. Practical 10 Some properties of monosaccharides

12. Practical 11Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

13. Practical 12Saccharides of physiological importance

14. Test 3

14. Practical 14 The role of vitamins in metabolic reactions

15. Pracitcal 15 The evaluation Lab

Study regulations of

Biochemistry for medicine students

1. The form and credit requirements of biochemistry course:

 Lectures

 Laboratory Classes

The subject covers the 2nd semester of the first year, and the 1st semester of the second year.

Credit requirements of laboratory classes:

1) Attendance in all lectures and laboratory classes is obligatory.

2) All written protocols must be completed and approved by the teacher.

3) In case of absence, a student is obligated to work the classes off in the 15th class (max two missed classes per semester).

4) All written tests must be passed.

 Each student can retake a failed test within two weeks (every student has to obtain 60% in a test in order to pass).

 All tests have a written form and contain closed- and open-questions.

 Every student is obligated to familiarize with the syllabus of the subject and prepare to tests according to the recommended literature.

 If a student fails a retaken test within the above-mentioned two weeks, they are allowed to take another one in the 15th week of classes. This test will include the material from all four tests

 Every student must obtain 60% of all points in order to pass the laboratory classes.

2. The final exam has an oral and/or written form and consists of closed- and open-questions. It includes the references from laboratory classes and lectures, as well as obligatory literature.

The scale of grades:

% / Grade
92-100 / excellent / 5
84-91 / very good / 4,5
76-83 / good / 4
68-75 / satisfactory / 3,5
60-67 / acceptable / 3
0-59 / fail / 2

A student who fails the exam has only one opportunity to retake it (The Rules of Studies, VIII, § 34).

3. All laboratory classes and lectures are obligatory.

A student who was absent at the lecture, has to work it off by taking a special test (written or oral). Each absence must be excused directly after coming back from the absence period. In case of absence a student is obligated to work the classes off in the 15th class (max two missed classes). If there are more than two missed classes, the decision concerning the student depends on the Head of Department of Biochemistry.

The Rules of Studies (VIII, § 32) contain all regulations referring to the student’s absence at the exam.

4. The protocols delivery deadline.

All protocols have to be completed and delivered before the following class.

Safety rules in the Biochemical Laboratory

Each student is obligated to:

  1. WEAR a protective lab-coat and latex gloves.
  2. LEAVE outwear in the cloakroom.
  3. KEEP calm and silence in the laboratory.
  4. KEEP the working area clean.
  5. CLEAN the laboratory equipment and working area after work.
  6. KEEP caution during the classes in order to not expose anyone and anything to danger.
  7. KEEP caution while using concentrated acids and bases, poisons and inflammable substances.
  8. USE a fume cupboard while working with irritants.
  9. DILUTE the solutions poured into the sink with water.
  10. POUR the solutions of silver salts to the special containers.
  11. THROW solid waste into the dustbin.
  12. DO NOT DIRECT the outlet of the test tube toward anybody.
  13. WASH hands before leaving the lab.
  14. LOCALISE the fire source when fire breaks out.

Each student is not allowed to:

  1. Smoke and eat in laboratory.
  2. Taste chemicals.
  3. Change the stoppers or move the chemicals between tables.
  4. Return unused chemicals to their original containers.
  5. Work on any task that was not previously assigned.

Student is obligated to get know with characteristic sheets of reagents which are used in the laboratory classes.

Booklist:

  1. Lieberman M, Marks AD "Marks` Basic Medical Biochemistry a Clinical Approach". 3rd edition
  2. Murray RK, Bender DA et al. "Harper`s Illustrated Biochemistry" 28th edition
  3. Timberlake: Chemistry. Eleventh edition
  4. Devlin Thomas M. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, Seventh Edition Wiley-Blackwell 2010

Biochemistry is a science concerning the chemical reactions occurring in living cells and organisms. Biochemistry in the medicine is mainly concerned with balance of biochemical reactions occurring in the body, both in physiological state as in pathology.

The program of teaching biochemistry for medical students consists of lectures, laboratory classes, tests, presentations.

The purpose of teaching "Biochemistry" in the direction of Medicine is to deepen the knowledge of the chemical processes occurring in the surrounding world. Understanding the importance of chemistry in biological and medical sciences to the extent necessary for further medical studies. The aim is also to prepare students for teaching clinical subjects, as well as to work in the profession. Allow you to see the contents transferred to pathological changes in the structure and functioning of the most important biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids), allow you to understand the basic pathways of catabolic and anabolic explain the mechanisms of metabolic diseases.

Teachers:

1. dr Karolina Szewczyk-Golec

2. dr Daria Kupczyk

3. mgr Rafał Bilski

Contact:

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