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Electronic supplementary material for:
The origin of ascophoran bryozoans was historically contingent but likely
Matthew H. Dick, Scott Lidgard, Dennis P. Gordon, Shunsuke F. Mawatari
This file contains:
Table 1. Taxa included in the phylogenetic analyses, taxonomic author(s) and dates, collection localities, and GenBank accession numbers for COI sequences.
Figure 1. Optimal maximum-parsimony tree based on a 658-bp portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, with a transversion:transition (Tv:Tr) weighting of 5:2.
Figure 2. Optimal maximum-parsimony tree based on a 658-bp portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd codon positions weighted 4:2:1.
Figure 3. Neighbour-joining tree based on derived 218-residue amino-acid sequences for a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, with mean character differences used for grouping.
Figure 4. Bayesian tree based on analysis of a 658-bp portion of the mitochondrial COI gene.
Table 1. Taxa included in the phylogenetic analyses, taxonomic authors and dates, collection localities, and GenBank accession numbers for COI sequences.
Taxon Locality GenBank
Code Taxonomic author(s) and date (Latitude, Longitude) Number
ALA Cauloramphus Aleutian sp. A Western Aleutians, Alaska, USA EU835947
Undescribed species (51º51.6’N 178º27.9’E)
ARC Tegella arctica Kodiak vicinity, Alaska, USA EU835948
(d’Orbigny, 1851) (57º53.2’N 152º24.0’W)
ARM Tegella armifera Kodiak vicinity, Alaska, USA EU835949
(Hincks, 1880) (57º54.1’N 152º25.4’W)
BUG Bugula neritina Not indicated AY690838
(Linnaeus, 1758) (GenBank)
CAC Cauloramphus Aleutian sp. C Western Aleutians, Alaska, USA EU835950
Undescribed species (51º51.6’N 178º27.9’E)
CAR Cauloramphus cryptoarmatus Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan EU835951
Grischenko, Dick & Mawatari, 2007 (42º59.6’N 144º51.3’E)
CIN Cauloramphus intermedius Bering I., Russian Federation EU835952
Kluge, 1962 (55º5.0’N 166º16.4’E)
CLC Cribrimorph-like Cauloramphus Western Aleutians, Alaska, USA EU835953
Undescribed species (52º54.7’E 170º49.0’E)
CNI Cauloramphus niger Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan EU835954
Grischenko, Dick & Mawatari, 2007 (43º0.4’N 144º50.1’E)
COA Cauloramphus Oshoro sp. A Oshoro, Hokkaido, Japan EU835956
Undescribed species (43º12.5’N 140º51.5’E)
COB Cauloramphus Oshoro sp. B Oshoro, Hokkaido, Japan EU835955
Undescribed species (43º12.5’N 140º51.5’E)
DIS Cauloramphus disjunctus Western Aleutians, Alaska, USA EU835957
Canu & Bassler, 1929 (52º3.3.7’N 178º17.8’E)
ESM, Table 1 (continued)
KOR Cauloramphus korensis Baengnyeong I., Korea EU560977
Seo, 2001 (38º0.0’N, 124º36.0’E)
KVA Cauloramphus Korean sp. A Baengnyeong I., Korea EU835958
Undescribed species (38º0.0’N, 124º36.0’E)
MAG Cauloramphus magnus Ketchikan, Alaska, USA EU835959
Dick and Ross, 1988 (55º27.5’N 131º50.0’W)
MSP Cauloramphus multispinosus Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan EU835960
Grischenko, Dick & Mawatari, 2007 (43º2.3’N 144º51.5’W)
MUL Cauloramphus multiavicularia Ketchikan, Alaska, USA EU835961
Dick, Grischenko & Mawatari, 2005 (55º18.6’N 131º35.0’W)
SPI Cauloramphus spinifer Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan EU835962
(Johnston, 1832) (43º0.4’N 144º46.6’E)
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Figure 1. Optimal maximum-parsimony tree based on a 658-bp portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, inferred from a heuristic search performed by branch swapping on each of 1,000 random-addition replicates with a transversion:transition (Tv:Tr) weighting of 5:2. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values (in percent) > 50, estimated from 10 random-addition replicates for each of 100 bootstrap pseudoreplicates, with replacement. Lettered clades correspond to those with the same letters in figure 2, main text. The cribriform Cauloramphus species are in red font; their putative sister taxon CAC, in blue.
Figure 2. Optimal maximum-parsimony tree based on a 658-bp portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, inferred from a heuristic search performed by branch swapping on each of 1,000 random-addition replicates with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd codon positions weighted 4:2:1. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values (in percent) > 50, estimated from 10 random-addition replicates for each of 100 bootstrap pseudoreplicates, with replacement. Lettered clades correspond to those with the same letters in figure 2, main text. The cribriform Cauloramphus species are in red font; their putative sister taxon CAC, in blue.
Figure 3. Neighbour-joining tree based on derived 218-residue amino-acid sequences for a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene. Mean character differences were used for grouping. The topology is identical to that in figure 2, main text, except for the inversion of COB and CNI. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values (in percent) > 50, estimated from 1,000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates, with replacement. Lettered clades correspond to those with the same letters in figure 2, main text. The cribriform Cauloramphus species are in red font; their putative sister taxon CAC, in blue.
Figure 4. Bayesian tree based on analysis of a 658-bp portion of the mitochondrial COI gene. We conducted the Bayesian analysis using GTR+G+I, the best-fit substitution model; the analysis ran for six million generations, with trees sampled every 100 generations. From the resulting 60,001 trees, we discarded the first 12,500 as burn-in. Values above branches are posterior probabilities times 100, with only values > 50 shown. Lettered clades correspond to those with the same letters in figure 2, main text. The cribrimorph Cauloramphus species are in red font; their putative sister taxon CAC, in blue. The optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) tree had exactly the same topology.