Supporting Information

Table S1. Locations and description of study sites. Transect site names are given in bold.

Site name / Lat./Long. / Transect code / Transect range (m) / Species / Grazing intensity / Overgrowth by trees and junipers / Drought / Population size of orchids
Anijala. JO10 / 58.32899/ 22.38666 / JO10 / -0.06 – 64 / Orchis militaris / 3.5 / 1 / 2.5 / 3
Anijala.JO10 / 58.32926/ 22.38694 / Orchis militaris / 3.5 / 1 / 2.5 / 3
Anijala.JO10 / 58.32935/ 22.38729 / Orchis militaris / 3.5 / 1 / 2.5 / 3
Aste.J08 / 58.35375/ 22.44765 / JO8 / -0.06 – 64 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 2 / 4 / 4
Aste.JO8 / 58.35390/ 22.44777 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 2 / 4 / 4
Aste.JO8 / 58.35290/ 22.45100 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 3.5 / 3 / 4
Eeriksaare.JO2 / 58.32669/ 21.89557 / JO2 / 0 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 2 / 3 / 2 / 2
Eeriksaare.JO2 / 58.32481/ 21.89578 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 4.5 / 3 / 2
Eeriksaare.JO2 / 58.32671/ 21.89559 / Orchis militaris / 2 / 3 / 2 / 2
Eeriksaare.JP2 / 58.32671/ 21.89553 / JP2 / -0.06 – 64 / Platanthera chlorantha / 2 / 3 / 1 / 2
Eeriksaare .JP2 / 58.32630/ 21.88617 / Platanthera chlorantha / 3 / 2.5 / 3 / 2
Eeriksaare .JP2 / 58.32706/ 21.89575 / Platanthera chlorantha / 2 / 3 / 3 / 2
Jõgela karjamaa.JO7 / 58.26558/ 21.99088 / JO7 / 0 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 4 / 1 / 3 / 1
Jõgela karjamaa.JP6 / 58.26571/ 21.99024 / JP6 / -0.06 – 64 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 1 / 3 / 3.5
Jõgela karjamaa.JP6 / 58.26556/ 21.99097 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 1 / 3 / 3.5
Jõgela veski.JO6 / 58.26431/ 21.98974 / JO6 / 0 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 2.5 / 3 / 3.5
Jõgela veski.JO6 / 58.26414/ 21.98962 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 2.5 / 3 / 3.5
Jõgela veski.JO6 / 58.26429/ 21.99020 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 1.5 / 3 / 3.5
Kogula. JO7K / 58.29701/ 22.26762 / JO7K / 0 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 1.5 / 5 / 5
Kogula. JO7K / 58.29723/ 22.26709 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 2 / 4.5 / 5
Kogula. JO7K / 58.29669/ 22.26809 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 3 / 3 / 5

Table S1. Continued

Site name / Lat./Long. / Transect code / Transect range (m) / Species / Grazing / Overgrowth by trees and junipers / Drought / Population size of orchids
Kogula.JP8K / 58.29754/ 22.26849 / JP8K / -0.12 – 64 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 3.5 / 3.5 / 4
Kogula.JP8K / 58.29752/ 22.26860 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 4 / 4 / 4
Kogula.JP8K / 58.29693/ 22.26750 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 2 / 5 / 4
Koguva.JO3 / 58.59677/ 23.07562 / JO3 / -0.06 – 64 / Orchis militaris / 2 / 3 / 3 / 2.5
Koguva.JO3 / 58.59697/ 23.07545 / Orchis militaris / 2 / 2 / 4 / 2.5
Koguva.JO3 / 58.59895/ 23.07253 / Orchis militaris / 2 / 2 / 4 / 2.5
Koguva.JP3 / 58.59682/ 23.07564 / JP3 / 0 – 32 / Platanthera chlorantha / 2 / 2 / 4 / 3.5
Koguva.JP3 / 58.59727/ 23.07535 / Platanthera chlorantha / 2 / 2 / 4 / 3.5
Koguva.JP3 / 58.59697/ 23.07539 / Platanthera chlorantha / 2 / 3 / 3.5 / 3.5
Kõruse.JO1 / 58.45098/ 21.97196 / JO1 / 0 – 64 / Orchis militaris / 4 / 2 / 4 / 4
Kõruse.JO1 / 58.45105/ 21.97216 / Orchis militaris / 4 / 2 / 4 / 4
Kõruse.JP1 / 58.45095/ 21.97197 / JP1 / -0.06 – 64 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 2 / 4 / 4
Kõruse.JP1 / 58.45112/ 21.97230 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 2 / 4 / 4
Kõruse.JP1 / 58.45124/ 21.97089 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 3 / 3 / 4
Lõo.JO4 / 58.10608/ 22.18282 / JO4 / -0.06 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 2 / 5 / 5
Lõo.JO4 / 58.10682/ 22.18401 / Orchis militaris / 2.5 / 2 / 5 / 5
Lõo.JO4 / 58.10710/ 22.18554 / Orchis militaris / 2.5 / 2.5 / 4 / 5
Lõo.JP4 / 58.10709/ 22.19635 / JP4 / -0.06 – 64 / Platanthera chlorantha / 3 / 3 / 4 / 3
Lõo.JP4 / 58.11009/ 22.19456 / Platanthera chlorantha / 3 / 3 / 2.5 / 3
Lõo.JP4 / 58.10714/ 22.19656 / Platanthera chlorantha / 3 / 3 / 2 / 3
Loodetammik.JPX / 58.24020/ 22.44009 / JPX / -0.06 – 32 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4
Metsapere.JO5 / 58.26765/ 21.94149 / JO5 / 0 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 4 / 3 / 4
Metsapere.JO5 / 58.26778/ 21.94145 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 4 / 3 / 4
Metsapere.JO5 / 58.26817/ 21.94131 / Orchis militaris / 1 / 4 / 2 / 4

Table S1. Continued

Site name / Lat./Long. / Transect code / Transect range (m) / Species / Grazing / Overgrowth by trees and junipers / Drought / Population size of orchids
Paadla.JO9 / 58.28365/ 22.32023 / JO9 / 0 – 32 / Orchis militaris / 2.5 / 3 / 2.5 / 5
Paadla.JO9 / 58.28418/ 22.32000 / Orchis militaris / 2.5 / 2 / 5 / 5
Paadla.JO9 / 58.28355/ 22.31942 / Orchis militaris / 2.5 / 3 / 2.5 / 5
Paadla.JO9 / 58.28379/ 23.31972 / Platanthera chlorantha / 2.5 / 2 / 5 / 5
Paadla.JO9 / 58.28436/ 22.32821 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 2 / 5 / 5
Ratla karjatamata.JP8 / 58.48978/ 22.82668 / JP8 / 0 – 32 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 3 / 3 / 1
Ratla karjatatud.JP7 / 58.48656/ 22.83214 / JP7 / -0.06 – 32 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 4 / 3 / 1
Ratla karjatatud.JP7 / 58.48656/ 22.83220 / Platanthera chlorantha / 4 / 5 / 3 / 1
Simisti.JPY / 58.54605/ 23.30707 / JPY / 0 – 32 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 2 / 1.5 / 4
Simisti.JPY / 58.54644/ 23.30583 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 2.5 / 2 / 4
Simisti.JPY / 58.54681/ 23.30633 / Platanthera chlorantha / 1 / 3 / 2.5 / 4