Supplementary Tables

Supplementary Table 1: Covariance Matrix – r (p-value)

Early Peak Fluid Accumulation / Peak Fluid Accumulation / Early Fluid Overload / Duration of Fluid Overload / Fluid Overload Pattern
Early Peak Fluid Accumulation / 1 / 0.85 (< 0.001) / 0.77 (< 0.001) / 0.75 (< 0.001) / 0.78 (< 0.001)
Peak Fluid Accumulation / 1 / 0.67 (< 0.001) / 0.81 (< 0.001) / 0.78 (< 0.001)
Early Fluid Overload / 1 / 0.65 (< 0.001) / 0.95 (< 0.001)
Duration of Fluid Overload / 1 / 0.80 (< 0.001)
Fluid Overload Pattern / 1

Supplementary Table 2: Baseline characteristics – Matched Data

No Early FO
N = 30 / Early FO
N = 30 / p-value
Age (Years)
Median (Range) / 0.3 (0.0, 17.0) / 0.5 (0.0, 17.4) / 0.70
Age Group – N (%)
Infants (≤ 1 year)
Children (1-13 years)
Teens (≥ 13 years) / 18 (60)
6 (20)
6 (20) / 17 (57)
10 (33)
3 (10) / 0.34
Gender – N (%)
Male
Female / 16 (53)
14 (47) / 16 (53)
14 (47) / > 0.99
Admission Weight (Kg)
Median (Range) / 6.3 (2.1, 78.5) / 6.5 (2.5, 73.3) / 0.68
Respiratory Failure – N (%) / 23 (77) / 27 (90) / 0.30
Shock – N (%) / 15 (50) / 19 (63) / 0.43
pRIFLE – N (%)
No AKI
Risk
Injury
Failure / 10 (33)
5 (17)
9 (30)
6 (20) / 7 (23)
11 (37)
8 (27)
4 (13) / 0.38
PIM2 - % risk of mortality
Median (Range) / 6 (0, 82) / 6 (0, 75) / 0.92
Oncologic Diagnosis – N (%) / 6 (20) / 3 (10) / 0.47
Primary Diagnosis – N (%)
Infectious
Non-infectious / 25 (83)
5 (17) / 25 (83)
5 (17) / > 0.99
Reason for ICU Admission – N (%)
Respiratory
Hemodynamic instability
Others / 17 (57)
8 (26)
5 (17) / 18 (60)
7 (23)
5 (17) / > 0.99

Supplementary Table 3: Baseline Characteristics – Matched non-ECLS Data

No Early FO
N = 22 / Early FO
N = 22 / p-value
Age (Years)
Median (Range) / 0.3 (0.0, 16.6) / 0.5 (0.0, 17.4) / 0.32
Age Group – N (%)
Infants (≤ 1 year)
Children (1-13 years)
Teens (≥ 13 years) / 14 (64)
4 (18)
4 (18) / 12 (55)
8 (36)
2 (9) / 0.36
Gender – N (%)
Male
Female / 10 (45)
12 (55) / 9 (41)
13 (59) / > 0.99
Admission Weight (Kg)
Median (Range) / 5.6 (2.2, 91.3) / 7.9 (2.5, 73.3) / 0.69
Respiratory Failure – N (%) / 16 (73) / 17 (77) / > 0.99
Shock – N (%) / 10 (45) / 13 (59) / 0.55
pRIFLE – N (%)
No AKI
Risk
Injury
Failure / 8 (36)
5 (23)
6 (27)
3 (14) / 7 (32)
10 (45)
5 (23)
0 (0) / 0.22
PIM2 - % risk of mortality
Median (Range) / 5 (0, 39) / 5 (0, 53) / 0.93
Oncologic Diagnosis – N (%) / 3 (14) / 5 (23) / 0.70
Primary Diagnosis – N (%)
Infectious
Non-infectious / 19 (86)
3 (14) / 18 (82)
4 (18) / > 0.99
Reason for ICU Admission – N (%)
Respiratory
Hemodynamic instability
Others / 15 (68)
3 (14)
4 (18) / 11 (50)
6 (27)
5 (23) / 0.69

Supplementary Table 4: No EFO vs. EFO

Sub-group requiring vasopressors
No EFO / EFO / p-value
Mortality in the Unmatched Cohort / 11% (4/36) / 43% (10/23) / 0.07
Mortality in the Matched Cohort / 6% (1/16) / 50% (10/20) / 0.009
Mortality in the Matched non-ECLS Cohort / 0% (0/10) / 31% (4/13) / 0.10
Sub-group requiring mechanical ventilation
No EFO / EFO / p-value
Mortality in the Unmatched Cohort / 6% (4/62) / 32% (9/28) / 0.003
Mortality in the Matched Cohort / 4% (1/24) / 38% (9/24) / 0.01
Mortality in the Matched non-ECLS Cohort / 0% (0/16) / 18% (3/17) / 0.23
Sub-group requiring both vasopressors and mechanical ventilation
No EFO / EFO / p-value
Mortality in the Unmatched Cohort / 13% (4/32) / 41% (9/22) / 0.02
Mortality in the Matched Cohort / 7% (1/15) / 47% (9/19) / 0.02
Mortality in the Matched non-ECLS Cohort / 0% (0/8) / 25% (3/12) / 0.24

Supplementary Figure 1: