Supplemental Table 2. Comparative studies corresponding to second PICO question

Authors / Type of study / Sample size / Type of restoration / Restorative materials / CAD-CAM system / Measurement technique / Results
(Marginal discrepancy ±standard deviation)
Abduo et al, 201265 / In vitro / 5 / 3-unit implant retained fixed dental prosthesesframework / Titanium grade 2
Presintered zirconia
(Nobel Biocare) / Procera / Direct view
(Optical microscope) / No statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Vertical fit Titanium 3.6 ±0.9 Zirconia 3.7 ±1.1
Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Passive fit Titanium 13.6 ±10.1 Zirconia 5.5 ±2.1
Tinschert et al, 200166 / In vitro / 5 / 3-unit
Fixed Dental Prostheses
framework / Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated
(Vita Zahnfabrik)
Presintered zirconia
(DCS Dental AG) / DCS / Impression replica
(Scanning electron microscopy) / No statistically significant difference (p>.05)
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated 66.8 ±33.2
Presintered zirconia 60.5 ±30.1
Bindl and Mormann, 200743 / In vitro / 2 / 3-unit
Fixed Dental Prostheses
framework / Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated
(Vita Zahnfabrik)
Presintered zirconia
Lithium disilicate
(Ivoclar Vivadent AG ) / Cerec inLab / Cross-sectioning
(Scanning electron microscopy) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05) between
Lithium disilicate 153 ±22 AND
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated 53 ±17
Presintered zirconia 53 ±9
Borba et al, 201167 / In vitro / 10 / 3-unit
Fixed Dental Prostheses / Presintered zirconia
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated
(Vita Zahnfabrik) / Cerec inLab / Microtomography
device scanner / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Presintered zirconia 99 ±60
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated 75 ±39
de Araujo et al, 201546 / In vitro / 4 / 3-unit implant retained fixed dental prostheses framework / Presintered zirconia
Cobalt-chromium
(Neoshape; Neodent) / Neoshape / Direct view
(Scanning electron microscopy) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Cobalt-chromium
48.8 ±13.5
Zirconia 103.8 ±43.2
Att et al, 200881 / In vitro / 48 / Single crowns / Alumina
Presintered zirconia
(Nobel Biocare) / Procera / Impression replica
(Stereomicroscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Alumina 58 ±9.2 to 87 ±4.7
Zirconia 72 ±8.3 to 96 ±10.6
de França et al, 201530 / In vitro / 4 / 3-unit implant retained fixed dental prostheses framework / Presintered zirconia
Cobalt-chromium
(NeoShape; Neodent) / Neoshape / Direct view
(Scanning electron microscopy) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Zirconia 5.9 ±3.6
Cobalt-chromium 1.2 ±2.2
Hamza et al, 201368 / In vitro / 10 / Single crowns / Lithium disilicate
(Ivoclar Vivadent AG)
Presintered zirconia
(Sirona Dental Systems GmbH) / Cerec inLab
Kavo Everest / Direct view (Binocular microscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
KaVo Everest e.max 28.1 ±7.9
KaVo Everest Zirconia 14.0 ±5.2
Cerec e.max 40.2 ±6.7
Cerec Zirconia 86.1 ±28.8
Katsoulis et al, 201469 / In vitro / 6 / 10-unit implant retained fixed dental prostheses
framework / Presintered zirconia
Titanium
(Nobel Biocare) / Procera / Direct view
(Scanning electron microscopy) / Statistically significant difference(P<.001)
Zirconia 32.7 ±39.3
Titanium 15.2 ±12.9
Katsoulis et al, 201370 / In vitro / 5 / 10-unit implant retained fixed dental prostheses framework / Titanium
Presintered zirconia
(Nobel Procera) / Procera / Direct view
(Scanning electron microscopy) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Titanium 24.6 ±16.6
Zirconia 41.3 ±30.3
Keul et al, 201471 / In vitro / 12 / 4-unit
Fixed Dental Prostheses
framework / Cobalt-chromium
Presintered zirconia (Zr)
(Straumann) / CARES / Impression replica
(Light microscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.001)
Digital impression Conventional impression
Cobalt-chromium 56.9 ±27.4 90.6 ±90.81
Zirconia 127.2 ±66.9 141.1 ±193.2
Prasad et al, 201372 / In vitro / 10 / Implant Single crown-copings / Presintered zirconia
Fully sintered zirconia
Leucite reinforced glass ceramic
Medical pure titanium
(KaVo Everest) / KaVo Everest / Direct view
(Traveling microscope/3D microtomography) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05) between
Titanium 18.3 ±3.4 AND
Presintered zirconia 58.6 ±4.4
Fully sintered zirconia 67.7 ±5.4
Leucite reinforced glass ceramic 54.8 ±9.4
Romeo et al, 200973 / In vitro / 5 / Single crowns / Fully sintered zirconia
Fiber-reinforced composite
Titanium
(DCS Dental) / DCS / Direct view
(Stereomicroscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05) between veneered
Fiber-reinforced composite 75.3 ±11.6
Titanium composite 60.5 ±6.0 AND
Titanium porcelain Opaque 51.7 ±12.6
Titanium porcelain Opaque ±Dentin 50.7 ±12.4
Zirconia 47.2 ±17.8
Ueda et al, 201574 / In vitro / 12 / 4-unit
Fixed Dental Prostheses
framework / Presintered zirconia (Zr)
Cobalt-chromium (CoCr)
(Lava 3M ESPE) / Lava / Impression replica (Light microscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Digital impression Conventional impression
Cobalt-chromium 32.1 ±34.9 81.10 ±66.17
Zirconia 62.9 ±41.6 86.5 ±60.3
Martinez-Rus et al, 201325 / In vitro / 10 / Single crowns / Lithium disilicate
Presintered zirconia
(Ivoclar Vivadent) / Cerec inLab / Direct view
(Scanning electron microscopy) / Statistically significant difference (P<.05)
Lithium disilicate 113.5 ± 12 to 118.3 ±14
Zirconia 98.7 ±17 to 101.8 ±16
Colpani et al,201345 / In vitro / 10 / Single crown-
copings / Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated
Presintered zirconia
(Vita Zahnbrik) / Cerec inLab / Impression replica (Stereomicroscope)
Weight technique / No statistically significant difference (P>.05)
Zirconia 25.8 ±6.7
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated 35.2 ±13.4
Martinez-Rus et al, 201179 / In vitro / 10 / Single crown-
copings / Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated
Presintered zirconia
(Vita Zahnfabrik) / Cerec inLab / Direct view
(Stereomicroscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.001)
Zirconia 12.2 ±3.1
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated 30 ±4
Quante et al, 200878 / In vivo / 14 / Single metal ceramic crowns / Cobalt-chromium
(Wirobond C+, BEGO Medical)
Gold platinum
(Bio PontoStar, BEGO Medical) / BEGO Medifacturing / Impression replica
(Light microscope) / No statistically significant difference (P>.05)
After the ceramic firing
Cobalt-chromium 99 - 108
Gold platinum 70 - 90
Abdullah et al, 201675 / In vitro / 10 / Single crowns / Acrylate polymer (Vita Zahnfabrik)
Polyethertherketone (Invibio Biomaterial Company)
Polymethyl methacrylate (Ivoclar Vivadent) / CEREC InEos / Impression replica
(Light microscope) / Statistically significant difference (P<.001)
Acrylate polymer 60.6 ±10
Polyethertherketone 46.8 ±8.3
Poly(methylmethacrylate) 56.1 ±5.7
Yao et al, 201476 / In vitro / 10 / Single crowns / Acrylate polymer (Vita Zahnfabrik)
Polymethyl methacrylate (Ivoclar Vivadent) / CEREC InEos / Direct view
(Stereomicroscope) / No statistically significant difference (P>.05)
Acrylate polymer 160 ±40
Poly(methylmethacrylate) 170 ±30
Alghazzawi et al, 201277 / In vitro / 30 / Single crown-
copings / Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced glass-infiltrated
Glass-infiltrated alumina
(Vita Zahnfabrik) / Cerec inLab / Impression replica
(Optical microscope) / No statistically significant differences (P>.05)
Horizontal Vertical
Alumina-based zirconia-reinforced 19 ±13 36 ±14
glass-infiltrated
Glass-infiltrated alumina 16 ±16 40 ±14
Demir et al, 201480 / In vitro / 20 / Single crowns / Feldspathic ceramic (Vitablocs Mark II)
Glass-infiltrated alumina (Vita In-Ceram 2000 AL)
(Vita Zahnfabrik) / Cerec inLab / Microtomography / Statistically significant differences (P<.05)
Before cementation
Feldspathic 50 ±20
Glass-infiltrated alumina 150 ±70