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Supplemental Material, On-line Only Supplemental Material
Supplemental Material, On-line Only Supplemental Material
eTable 1. Participants living outside the United States.
eTable 2. Participants living in the United States.
eTable 3. Interscale correlations between QUALAS-A domains and the WHOQOL-BREF summary scores.
eTable 4.Domain characteristics of the self-reported QUALAS-A in adults without Spina Bifida.
eTable 1. Participants from outside the United States.
United Kingdom / 31 (26.4%)
Canada / 19 (16.2%)
Australia / 17 (14.6%)
Turkey / 10 (8.5%)
New Zealand / 9 (7.7%)
Norway / 6 (5.1%)
South Africa / 4 (3.4%)
Sweden / 3 (2.6%)
Brazil / 2 (1.7%)
Denmark / 2 (1.7%)
Nigeria / 2 (1.7%)
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, Colombia, France, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Ireland, Trinidad and Tobago, Pakistan / 12 (10.3%)
Totals may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
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eTable 2. Participants from the United States.
State / Number (n=415)Alabama / 13 (3.1%)
Alaska / 1 (0.2%)
Arizona / 3 (0.7%)
Arkansas / 1 (0.2%)
California / 21 (5.1%)
Colorado / 12 (2.9%)
Connecticut / 11 (2.7%)
Delaware / 2 (0.5%)
Florida / 25 (6.0%)
Georgia / 4 (1.0%)
Idaho / 1 (0.2%)
Illinois / 20 (4.8%)
Indiana / 75 (18.1%)
Iowa / 7 (1.7%)
Kansas / 9 (2.2%)
Kentucky / 9 (2.2%)
Louisiana / 13 (3.1%)
Maryland / 8 (1.9%)
Massachusetts / 9 (2.2%)
Michigan / 23 (5.5%)
Minnesota / 4 (1.0%)
Mississippi / 1 (0.2%)
Missouri / 10 (2.4%)
Montana / 1 (0.2%)
Nebraska / 2 (0.5%)
Nevada / 4 (1.0%)
New Jersey / 10 (2.4%)
New Mexico / 2 (0.5%)
New York / 12 (2.9%)
North Carolina / 5 (1.2%)
North Dakota / 1 (0.2%)
Ohio / 16 (3.9%)
Oklahoma / 2 (0.5%)
Oregon / 3 (0.7%)
Pennsylvania / 13 (3.1%)
South Carolina / 4 (1.0%)
Tennessee / 11 (2.7%)
Texas / 14 (3.4%)
Utah / 2 (0.5%)
Virginia / 7 (1.7%)
Washington / 6 (1.5%)
West Virginia / 5 (1.2%)
Wisconsin / 11 (2.7%)
Wyoming / 2 (0.5%)
Totals may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
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Supplemental Material, On-line Only Supplemental Material
eTable 3. Interscale correlations between QUALAS-A domains and the WHOQOL-BREF summary scoresa
Instrument / Domain / QUALAS-A / WHOQOL-BREFHealth and Relationships / Esteem and Sexuality / Bladder and Bowel / Physical health / Psychological / Social relationships / Environment
QUALAS-A / Health and Relationships / 1.00 / – / – / – / – / – / –
Esteem and Sexuality / 0.4345 / 1.00 / – / – / – / – / –
Bladder and Bowel / 0.4445 / 0.48 / 1.00 / – / – / – / –
WHOQOL-BREF / Physical health / 0.7170 / 0.48 / 0.42 / 1.00 / – / – / –
Psychological / 0.7170 / 0.60 / 0.39 / 0.74 / 1.00 / – / –
Social relationships / 0.6871 / 0.50 / 0.42 / 0.54 / 0.63 / 1.00 / –
Environment / 0.63 / 0.46 / 0.47 / 0.68 / 0.66 / 0.56 / 1.00
ICIQ / -0.3633 / -0.28 / -0.70 / -0.27 / -0.28 / -0.26 / -0.29
Abbreviations: QUALAS: QUAlity of Life Assessment in Spina bifida for Adults; ICIQ: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire.
a p<0.0001 for all correlations.Pearson’s correlation coefficients ≥0.70 for convergent QUALAS-A domains are highlighted in bold and underlined typeface.
eTable 4. Domain characteristics of the self-reported QUALAS-A in adults without Spina Bifida.
Domain / N / % missing / Mean (SD) / Median (Range) / % Scoring Minimum / % Scoring Maximum / Mean difference for adults with Spina Bifida*(p-value) / Effect size vs. adults with Spina Bifida
Health and Relationships / 111110 / 5.24.3 / 83.42.1 (14.75.6) / 85.01.3 (25.0-100.0) / 0.0 / 23.41.8 / -16.04.3 (<0.0001) / -0.91.1
Large (-)
Esteem and Sexuality / 98 / 15.5 / 86.7 (13.9) / 90.0 (37.5-100.0) / 0.0 / 24.5 / -28.9
(<0.0001) / -2.1
Large (-)
Bladder and Bowel / 116 / 0.0 / 98.2 (6.2) / 100.0 (55.0-100.0) / 0.0 / 85.3 / -36.6 (<0.0001) / -5.9
Large (-)
Abbreviations: QUALAS-A: QUAlity of Life Assessment in Spina bifida for Adults; SD: Standard Deviation. * t-test.