Supplement 3 References for Studies (N = 54) Excluded Due to Not Addressing at Least One

Supplement 3 References for studies (n = 54) excluded due to not addressing at least one of the review’s specific research questions

Al-Krenawi, A. & Graham, J. R. (2011). Mental health help-seeking among Arab university students in Israel, differentiated by religion. Mental Health, Religion & Culture14, 157-167.

Al-Krenawi, A., Graham, J. R., Dean, Y. Z. & Eltaiba, N. (2004). Cross-National Study of Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Help: Jordan, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Arabs in Israel. International Journal of Social Psychiatry50, 102-114.

Amankwaa, L. C. (2003). Postpartum depression among African-American women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing24, 297-316.

Angermeyer, M. C., Holzinger, A. & Matschinger, H. (2009). Mental health literacy and attitude towards people with mental illness: A trend analysis based on population surveys in the eastern part of Germany 528. European Psychiatry24, 225-232.

Asgary, R. & Segar, N. (2011). Barriers to health care access among refugee asylum seekers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved22, 506-22.

Atkinson, D. R. & Gim, R. H. (1989). Asian-American Cultural Identity and Attitudes Toward Mental Health Services. [Article]. Journal of Counseling Psychology36, 209-212.

Atkinson, D. R., Ponterotto, J. G. & Sanchez, A. R. (1984). Attitudes of Vietnamese and Anglo-American students toward counseling 27. Journal of College Student Personnel25, 448-452.

Britt, T. W., Greene-Shortridge, T. M., Brink, S., Nguyen, Q. B., Rath, J., Cox, A. L., Hoge, C. W. & Castro, C. A. (2008). Perceived stigma and barriers to care for psychological treatment: Implications for reactions to stressors in different contexts. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology27, 317-335.

Buckely, G. I. & Malouff, J. M. (2005). Using modeling and vacarious reinforcement to produce more positive attitudes toward mental health treatment. Journal of Psychology139, 197-209.

Burns, J. M., Webb, M., Durkin, L. A. & Hickie, I. B. (2010). Reach Out Central: a serious game designed to engage young men to improve mental health and wellbeing. Medical Journal of Australia192, S27-30.

Cooper-Patrick, L., Powe, N. R., Jenckes, M. W., Gonzales, J. J., Levine, D. M. & Ford, D. E. (1997). Identification of patient attitudes and preferences regarding treatment of depression. Journal of General Internal Medicine12, 431-438.

Dejman, M., Forouzan, A. S., Assari, S., Rasoulian, M., Jazayery, A., Malekafzali, H., Eftekhari, M. B., Falahat, K. & Ekblad, S. (2010). How Iranian lay people in three ethnic groups conceptualize a case of a depressed woman: an explanatory model. Ethnicity & Health15, 475-493.

Diaz-Caneja, A. & Johnson, S. (2004). The views and experiences of severely mentally ill mothers - a qualitative study. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology39, 472-482.

Edlund, M. J., Fortney, J. C., Reaves, C. M., Pyne, J. M. & Mittal, D. (2008). Beliefs about depression and depression treatment among depressed veterans 305. Medical Care46, 581-589.

Edwards, E. & Timmons, S. (2005). A qualitative study of stigma among women suffering postnatal illness 3416. Journal of Mental Health14, 471-481.

Esters, I. G., Cooker, P. G. & Ittenbach, R. F. (1998). Effects of a unit of instruction in mental health on rural adolescents' conceptions of mental illness and attitudes about seeking help. Adolescence33, 469-476.

Fauteux, D. J., McKelvie, S. J. & de Man, A. F. (2008). Effects of exposure to public figures' use of psychologists on attitude towards help-seeking behavior. North American Journal of Psychology10, 385-396.

Flaskerud, J. H. & Kviz, F. J. (1983). Rural attitudes toward and knowledge of mental illness and treatment resources 3323. Hospital & Community Psychiatry34, 229-233.

Good, G. E. & Wood, P. K. (1995). Male gender role conflict, depression and help seeking: Do college men face double jeopardy? 46. Journal of Counseling and Development74, 70-75.

Gould, M. (2011). Patient preferences for the delivery of military mental health services. Military Medicine176, 608-12.

Han, D. Y., Chen, S. H., Hwang, K. K. & Wei, H. L. (2006). Effects of psychoeducation for depression on help-seeking willingness: Biological attribution versus destigmatization. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 60, 662-668.

Hannold, E. M., Freytes, I. M. & Uphold, C. R. (2011). Unmet health services needs experienced by Puerto Rican OEF/OIF veterans and families post deployment. Military Medicine176, 381-8.

Hassan, T. M., Ahmed, S. O., White, A. C. & Galbraith, N. (2009). A postal survey of doctors' attitudes to becoming mentally ill.Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 9, 327-332.

Hirai, M. & Clum, G. A. (2000). Development, reliability, and validity of the beliefs toward mental illness scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment22 (3), 221-236.

Hoyt, D. R., Conger, R. D., Valde, J. G. & Weihs, K. (1997). Psychological distress and help seeking in rural America. American Journal of Community Psychology25 (4), 449-470.

Hudson, A. L., Nyamathi, A., Greengold, B., Slagle, A., Koniak-Griffin, D., Khalilifard, F. & Getzoff, D. (2010). Health-seeking challenges among homeless youth. Nursing Research59, 212-8.

Johnson, M., Mills, T. L., DeLeon, J. M., Hartzema, A. G. & Haddad, J. (2009). Lives in isolation: Stories and struggles of low-income African American women with panic disorder. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics15, 210-219.

Lam, A. Y. K., Jorm, A. F. & Wong, D. F. K. (2010). Mental health first aid training for the Chinese community in Melbourne, Australia: Effects on knowledge about and attitudes toward people with mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 4, 18.

Lauber, C., Nordt, C., Falcato, L. & Rossler, W. (2004). Factors Influencing Social Distance Toward People with Mental Illness. Community Mental Health Journal40, 265-274.

Lingley-Pottie, P. & McGrath, P. J. (2011). Development and initial validation of the treatment barrier index scale: A content validity study. Advances in Nursing Science34 (2), 151-162.

Link, B. G. (1987). Understanding Labeling Effects in the Area of Mental Disorders: An Assessment of the Effects of Expectations of Rejection. American Sociological Review52, 96-112.

Link, B. G., Cullen, F. T., Struening, E., Shrout, P. E. & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1989). A Modified Labeling Theory Approach to Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment. American Sociological Review54, 400-423.

Livingston, J.D., Rossiter, K.R. & Verdun-Jones, S.N.(2011). ‘Forensic’ labelling: An empirical assessment of its effects on self-stigma for peoplewith severe mental illness. Psychiatry Research188, 115-122 2011.

Loewenthal, K. M., Macleod, A. K., Lee, M., Cook, S. & Goldblatt, V. (2002). Tolerance for depression: are there cultural and gender differences?Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing9, 681-688.

Lundervold, D. A. & Young, L. G. (1992). Older adults' attitudes and knowledge regarding use of mental health services. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Gerontology14, 45-55.

Mkize LP&Uys LR. (2004). Pathways to mental health care in KwaZulu-Natal.Curationis 27,62-71.

Mojtabai, R. (2007). Americans' attitudes toward mental health treatment seeking: 1990-2003. Psychiatric Services58, 642-651.

Moskos, M. A., Olson, L., Halbern, S. R. & Gray, D. (2007). Utah youth suicide study: barriers to mental health treatment for adolescents. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior37, 179-186.

Ng, S., Kessler, L., Srivastava, R., Dusek, J., Duncan, D., Tansey, M. & Jeffs, L. (2010). Growing practice specialists in mental health: addressing stigma and recruitment with a nursing residency program. Nursing leadership23, 101-12.

Okello, E. S. & Neema, S. (2007). Explanatory models and help-seeking behavior: Pathways to psychiatric care among patients admitted for depression in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Qualitative Health Research.17, 14-25.

Ouimette, P.Vogt, D., Wade, M., Tirone, V., Greenbaum, M.A., Kimerling, R., Laffaye, C., Fitt, J.E. Rosen, C.S. (2011). Perceived barriers to care among veterans health administration patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Services8, 212-223.

Perry, B. L., Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., McLeod, J. D. & Jensen, P. S. (2007). Comparison of public attributions, attitudes, and stigma in regard to depression among children and adults. Psychiatric Services58 (5), 632-635.

Pietrzak, R. H., Johnson, D. C., Goldstein, M. B., Malley, J. C. & Southwick, S. M. (2009). Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans. Psychiatric Services60, 1118-1122.

Pinto-Foltz, M. D., Logsdon, M. C. & Myers, J. A. (2011). Feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a knowledge-contact program to reduce mental illness stigma and improve mental health literacy in adolescents. Social Science and Medicine 72, 2011-2019.

Price, J. P. (2006). Psychological support and stigma in the helping professions. Clinical Psychology Forum 165, 28-31.

Rost, K., Smith, G. R. & Taylor, J. L. (1993). Rural-urban differences in stigma and the use of care for depressive disorders. Journal of Rural Health9 (1), 57-62.

Ryder, A. G., Bean, G. & Dion, K. L. (2000). Caregiver responses to symptoms of first-onset psychosis: A comparative study of Chinese- and Euro-Canadian families. Transcultural Psychiatry37, 255-265.

Saravanan, B., Jacob, K. S., Deepak, M. G., Prince, M., David, A. S. & Bhugra, D. (2008). Perceptions about psychosis and psychiatric services: a qualitative study from Vellore, India. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology43, 231-238.

Shandley, K., Austin, D., Klein, B. & Kyrios, M. (2010). An evaluation of 'Reach Out Central': an online gaming program for supporting the mental health of young people. Health Education Research25, 563-74.

Sirey, J. A., Bruce, M. L., Alexopoulos, G. S., Perlick, D. A., Friedman, S. J. & Meyers, B. S. (2001). Stigma as a barrier to recovery: perceived stigma and patient-rated severity of illness as predictors of antidepressant drug adherence.Psychiatric Services52, 1615-1620.

Soorkia, R., Snelgar, R. & Swami, V. (2011). Factors influencing attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among South Asian students in Britain. Mental Health, Religion & Culture14, 613-623.

Starr, S., Campbell, L. R. & Herrick, C. A. (2002). Factors affecting use of the mental health system by rural children. Issues in Mental Health Nursing23, 291-304.

Wright, K. M., Cabrera, O. A., Bliese, P. D., Adler, A. B., Hoge, C. W. & Castro, C. A. (2009). Stigma and barriers to care in soldiers postcombat. Psychological Services6, 108-116.

Wun, Y. T., Lam, T. P., Goldberg, D., Lam, K. F., Li, K. T. & Yip, K. C. (2011). Reasons for preferring a primary care physician for care if depressed. Family Medicine43, 344-350.