SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Supplement 1: Meta-analysis Studies
Primary Author / Title / Publish DateAlguacil / Differential Effects of Pseudomonas mendocina and Glomus intraradices on Lettuce Plants Physiological Response and Aquaporin PIP2 Gene Expression Under Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Drought / Jun, 2009
Al-Karaki / Field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress / Aug, 2003
Al-Karaki / Varied rates of mycorrhizal inoculum on growth and nutrient acquisition by barley grown with drought stress / Jan, 1999
Al-Karaki / Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress on growth and nutrient uptake of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance / July, 1997
Allen / Effects of Two Species of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi on Drought Tolerance of Winter Wheat / Jan, 1983
Asrar / Alleviation of drought stress of marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi / July, 2010
Azcon / Activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in shoot and root of mycorrhizal Allium cepa - Effect of drought stress / Apr, 1998
Bolandnazar / The effect of mycorrhizal fungi on onion (Allium cepa L.) growth and yield under three irrigation intervals at field condition / Apr, 2009
Bryla / Effects of mycorrhizal infection on drought tolerance and recovery in safflower and wheat / Nov, 1997
Busquets / Differential effects of two species of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and water relations of Spartium junceum and Anthyllis cytisoides / Nov, 2010
Busse / Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus fasciculatum) influence on soybean drought tolerance in high phosphorous soil / 1985
Caravaca / Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Nutrient Acquisition, Gas Exchange, and Nitrate Reductase Activity of Two Mediterranean-Autochthonous Shrub Species Under Drought Stress / Jun, 2004
Celebi / The effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) applications on the silage maize (Zea mays L.) yield in different irrigation regimes / Sep, 2010
Davies Jr. / Alleviation of drought stress of chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) with arbuscular mycorrhiza indigenous to Mexico / 2002
Davies Jr. / Non-nutritional stress acclimation of mycorrhizal woody plants exposed to drought / Nov, 1996
Dell'Amico / Responses of tomato plants associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum during drought and recovery / Jun, 2002
Diallo / Water status and stomatal behavior of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, plants inoculated with two Glomus species at low soil moisture levels / Sep, 2001
Ellis / Drought resistance of wheat plants inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae / 1985
Fagbola / Effects of drought stress and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq). Walp, and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. in simulated eroded soil conditions / Oct, 2001
Franzini / Interactions between Glomus species and Rhizobium strains affect the nutritional physiology of drought-stressed legume hosts / Nov, 2009
Goicoechea / Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can contribute to maintain antioxidant and carbon metabolism in nodules of Anthyllis cytisoides L. subjected to drought / Jan, 2005
Harris-Valle / Tolerance to drought and salinity by Cucurbita pepo associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Sonoran Desert / Nov, 2011
Hetrick / Effects of drought stress on growth response in corn, Sudan grass, and Big Bluestem to Glomus etunicatum / Mar, 1987
Huang / Physiological and photosynthetic responses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings to three Glomus species under water deficit / Oct, 2010
Johnson / Influence of Mycorrhizae and Drought Stress on Growth of Poncirus x Citrus Seedlings / 1985
Kaya / Mycorrhizal colonization improves fruit yield and water use efficiency in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) grown under well-watered and water-stressed conditions / Jan, 2003
Khalvati / Quantification of Water Uptake by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Hyphae and its Significance for Leaf Growth, Water Relations, and Gas Exchange of Barley Subjected to Drought Stress / Sep, 2005
Kohler / Effect of drought on the stability of rhizosphere soil aggregates of Lactuca sativa grown in a degraded soil inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi / Mar, 2009
Kung'u / Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis / Mar, 2008
Kwapata / Effects of moisture regime and phosphorous on mycorrhizal infection, nutrient uptake, and growth of cowpeas / Apr, 1985
Manoharan / Influence of AM fungi on the growth and physiological status of Erythrina variegata Linn. grown under different water stress conditions / Jan, 2010
Martin / Growth of Argentine Mesquite inoculated with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi / Mar, 1994
Mathur / Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass production, nutrient uptake and physiological changes in Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. under water stress / July, 2000
Meddich / Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on drought resistance of clover / Apr, 2000
Mena-Volante / Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance fruit growth and quality of chile ancho (Capsicum annuum L. cv San Luis) plants exposed to drought / May, 2006
Michelsen / The effect of VA mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus and drought stress on the growth of Acacia nilotica and Leucaena leucocephala seedlings / 1990
Osonubi / Interactions between drought stress and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of Faidherbia albida (syn. Acacia albida) and Acacia nilotica in sterile and non-sterile soils / 1992
Panwar / Response of VAM and Azospirillum Inoculation to Water Status and Grain Yield in Wheat Under Water Stress Condition / 1993
Porcel / Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean, plants subjected to drought stress solute accumulation, and oxidative stress in soybean / Apr, 2004
Quilambo / Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Peanut in Low-Fertile Tropical Soil. II. Alleviation of Drought Stress / Oct, 2005
Roldan / Stability of desiccated rhizosphere soil aggregates of mycorrhizal Juniperus oxycedrus grown in a desertified soil composted organic residue amended with a composted organic residue / Sep, 2006
Ruiz-Lozano / Influence of different Glomus species on the time-course of physiological plant responses of lettuce to progressive drought stress periods / Sep, 1995
Runjin / Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and phosphorous on water status and growth of apple / 1989
Sanchez-Blanco / Variations in water status, gas exchange, and growth in Rosmarinus officinalis plants infected with Glomus deserticola under drought conditions / Jun, 2004
Shamshiri / Response of Petunia Plants (Petunia hybrida cv. Mix) Inoculated with Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices to Phosphorous and Drought Stress / Nov, 2011
Simpson / Interactions between water-stress and different mycorrhizal inocula on plant growth and mycorrhizal development in maize and sorghum / Aug, 1989
Subramanian / Responses of field grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under varying intensities of drought stress / July, 2005
Valentine / Drought response of arbuscular mycorrhizal grapevines / Jun, 2006
Wu / Improved soil structure and citrus growth after inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress / Dec, 2007
Wu / Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions / Mar, 2006
Wu / Five Glomus species affect water relations of Citrus tangerine during drought stress / Nov, 2006
Wu / Reactive oxygen metabolism in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal citrus (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings subjected to water stress / Nov, 2006
Wu / Effects of water stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on reactive oxygen metabolism and antioxidant production by citrus (Citrus tangerine) roots / Sep, 2006
Zajicek / Influence of Drought Stress and Mycorrhizae on Growth of Two Native Forbs / 1987
Supplement 2: Study Coding Glossary
STUDY_ID: Assigned numerical ID number. Consecutive, beginning with 1001.
LINE: Line identifier
STUDY_ID_SUB: Assigned alphabetical sub-ID. Consecutive beginning with A.
AUTHOR: First author (last, initials)
TITLE: Study title.
PUBDATE (MMYYYY): Date of publication, e.g. ‘May, 2010’ reads ‘052010’.
TRTMNT_GENUS: Generic name of treatment organism, e.g. Glomus.
TRTMNT_SPECIES: Specific name of treatment organism, e.g. intraradices.
TRTMNT_ISOLATE: Isolate name of treatment organism (if available).
PLANT_GENUS: Generic name of plant studied.
PLANT_SPECIES: Specific name of plant studied.
PLANT_CULTIVAR: Variety or subspecies name of plant studied (if available).
FUNC_GR: Functional growth habit of the plant studied, e.g. grass/sedge, legume, forb/fern, or tree/shrub.
SUB_CYCLE: Subsample ID for plants according to growth cycle, e.g. perennial or annual. This field can correspond to ‘STUDY_ID_SUB’, i.e. if the study examines both perennial and annual plant species and the authors distinguish the data, each growth cycle can be assigned a new letter.
SUB_TISSUE: Subsample ID for plants according to tissue type, e.g. herbaceous or woody. This field can correspond to ‘STUDY_ID_SUB’, i.e. if the study examines both herbaceous and woody plant species and the authors distinguish the data, each tissue type can be assigned a new letter.
SUB_SITE: Subsample ID for plants according to study site, e.g. greenhouse or field. This field can correspond to ‘STUDY_ID_SUB’, i.e. if the study examines both greenhouse and field studies and the authors distinguish the data, each site can be assigned a new letter.
MEASURE: Measure for which effect size is being recorded, e.g. total dry weight or shoot length. See naming convention for measures below. This field corresponds to ‘STUDY_ID_SUB’, i.e. each new measure in a study gets a new letter.
TRTMNT_N: Treatment group sample size.
CONTROL_N: Control group sample size.
TOTAL_N: Total sample size.
TRTMNT_MEAN: Average result of the specific measure in the treatment group.
CONTROL_MEAN: Average result of the specific measure in the control group.
TRTMNT_SD: Standard deviation of the specific measure in the treatment group.
CONTROL_SD: Standard deviation of the specific measure in the control group.
SUCCESS: Group that is favored in the difference between means, e.g. treatment or control.
TRTMNT_SE: Standard error of the treatment measure.
CONTROL_SE: Standard error of the control measure.
HEDGES_D: The effect size (Hedges’ d) of the specific measure using the standardized mean difference (Meta-Win).
LRR: Log Response Ratio, ln(XM/XNM), where XM is the plant growth response of mycorrhizal treatment and XNM is the non-mycorrhizal treatment.
WATER_STRESS: Distinguishes non-stressed, i.e. well-watered, from drought-stressed (well-watered: 0, drought-stressed: 1).
STRESS_LEVEL: Severity of the applied water stress in the particular study (0: well-watered, 1: mild stress, 2: moderate stress, 3: severed stress). Default “2” if no indication of stress level is given. This value is not comparable between studies.
STATISTIC: Indicates whether SD or SE was included in the study.
NOTE: Any other information relevant to the data.
Supplement 3: Detail of Plant Growth Measurements (Figure Legend)
Figure A
Detail of log response ratios (±SE) of plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to growth category. Aboveground (AG) LRR = 0.341±0.029, belowground (BG) LRR = 0.204±0.036, Reproductive (RP) LRR = 0.313±0.051, and whole plant (WP) LRR = 0.430±0.054. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.
Figure B
Detail of log response ratios (±SE) of plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to growth cycle. Annuals mean LRR = 0.272±0.024, perennials mean LRR = 0.426±0.036. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.
Figure C
Log response ratios (±SE) of plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to persistence. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.
Figure D
Detail of log response ratios (±SE) of plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to study site. Field LRR = 0.287±0.033, greenhouse LRR = 0.335±0.025. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.
Figure E
Detail of log response ratios (±SE) of plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to water regime (well-watered or water-stressed, not accounting for the degree of water stress. Well-watered overall LRR = 0.250±0.034, water-stressed overall LRR = 0.324±0.020. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.
Figure F
Detail of log response ratios (±SE) of plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to water stress level. Low stress LRR = 0.336±0.058, moderate stress LRR = 0.324±0.023, and high stress LRR = 0.300±0.040. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.
Figure G
Detail of log response ratios (±SE) on plant growth response to mycorrhizal symbiosis related to the seven most often used species of Glomus inoculum. Black-filled circles = positive response, gray-filled circles = no effect, open circles = negative response.