Suppl. Table 1Spectral Band Settings (Nm), Widths and Primary Applications for MERIS

Attachments

Suppl. Fig. 1Results of a partial least squares (PLS) analysis for three candidate metrics: PROPCYPR2 (proportion of cyprinid biomass in the catch when roach is excluded), PLANKT B (biomass of plankton eating fishes in the catch) and logPDENSITY (total density of pelagic fishes per ha in hydroacoustic monitoring). Model coefficients are given for centered and scaled data. The X variables are % agriculture in the drainage area, total phosphorous levels, chlorophyll a levels, colored dissolved organic material and total suspended matter. The three latter variables were all measured using remote sensing.

Suppl. Table 1Spectral band settings (nm), widths and primary applications for MERIS.

MERIS
Bands / Primary application / MERIS
Bands / Primary application
412.5 (10) / Yellow substance, turbidity / 681.25 (7.5) / Chlorophyllfluorescence
442.5 (10) / Chlorophyll / 708 (10) / Atmosphericcorrection
490 (10) / Chlorophyll, other pigments, Kd / 753.75 (7.5) / Oxygen absorption reference
510 (10) / Turbidity, suspended sediments / 760 (3.75) / Oxygen absorption
560 (10) / Chlorophyllreference, pigments / 775 (15) / Aerosol, vegetation
620 (10) / Suspended sediments / 865 (20) / Aerosol correction over ocean
665 (10) / Chlorophyll absorption, atmosphere

Suppl. Table 2Intervals of major explanatory variables covered with various fish monitoring methods. Maximum and minimum levels are given. As a comparison we also show the environmental envelope in the studied environments, e.g. the aggregated max and min levels. Chl a= chlorophyll a levels, CDOM = colored dissolved organic material, TSM = total suspended matter andNEAR DIST=Nearest distance to shoreline.

Chl a / CDOM / TSM / DEPTH / NEAR DIST
NORDICcoastal / 0.1-100.6 / 0.1-1.6 / 0.1-39 / 1.8 - 85 / 0 - 9000
DEEP / 0.2-8.5 / 0.1-0.7 / 0.1-1.5 / 5 - 92 / 100 - 13000
Hydroacoustics / 0.9-8.5 / 0.1-0.9 / 0.1-25.7 / 8 - 110 / 200 - 20000
Environment / 0.1-130 / 0.1-25 / 0.05-36 / 0- 126 / 0 – 22410

Suppl. Table 3 Metadata describing the characteristics of the investigated water bodies. wb=water body. Tot P = total phosphorous levels. Succession order indicates the water bodies order in the succession of the water as it is drained through the lakes.

Water body / Lake / Succession order / Mean depth (m) / Area (km2) / Volume (km3) / Max depth (m) / % agricult. in drainage / % forested area in drainage / Drainage area (km2) / Tot P (µg L-1) / Water flow passing wb (m3 sec-1)
Vänern-Dättern / Vänern / 1 / 1.2 / 27.0 / 0.032 / 18.0 / 40.85 / 52.65 / 957 / 99.0 / 9.9
Vänern-Gatviken / Vänern / 1 / 3.0 / 2.3 / 0.007 / 9.0 / 18.58 / 58.79 / 19 / 22.0 / 0.2
Vänern-Ölmeviken / Vänern / 1 / 1.6 / 8.5 / 0.014 / 3.2 / 26.92 / 61.53 / 280 / 39.1 / 3.2
Vänern-Getebolsviken / Vänern / 2 / 9.0 / 13.5 / 0.121 / 22.0 / 6.61 / 80.23 / 4841 / 13.0 / 66.7
Vänern-Dalbosjön / Vänern / 4 / 25.4 / 1995.6 / 50.641 / 79.0 / 12.12 / 61.47 / 12557 / 6.4 / 593.5
Vänern-Värmlandssjön / Vänern / 3 / 28.1 / 3073.5 / 86.227 / 106.0 / 12.22 / 61.10 / 46826 / 5.9 / 413.5
Vättern-StorVättern / Vättern / 3 / 40.0 / 1750.8 / 70.033 / 126.0 / 14.26 / 48.02 / 5734 / 3.8 / 42.3
Mälaren-Västeråshamnomr / Mälaren / 1 / 7.0 / 6.7 / 0.047 / 11.7 / 29.25 / 64.85 / 840 / 49.9 / 6.9
Mälaren-Årstaviken / Mälaren / 13 / 7.0 / 0.9 / 0.006 / 8.5 / 24.20 / 63.17 / 22661 / 45.4 / 0.2
Mälaren-Galten / Mälaren / 2 / 3.4 / 53.2 / 0.181 / 10.6 / 16.38 / 71.74 / 12219 / 51.8 / 90.1
Mälaren-Ekoln / Mälaren / 3 / 20.0 / 20.7 / 0.414 / 43.0 / 33.50 / 62.62 / 3365 / 50.1 / 21.9
Mälaren-Oxfjärden / Mälaren / 8 / 6.0 / 22.5 / 0.135 / 22.0 / 20.04 / 67.87 / 15739 / 37.0 / 139.7
Mälaren-Västeråsfjärden / Mälaren / 2 / 7.0 / 42.1 / 0.295 / 15.3 / 29.93 / 60.31 / 985 / 51.9 / 7.3
Mälaren-Görväln / Mälaren / 6 / 14.0 / 70.3 / 0.985 / 67.0 / 23.67 / 63.73 / 22302 / 28.4 / 92.5
Mälaren-Fiskarfjärden / Mälaren / 12 / 10.0 / 14.7 / 0.147 / 35.0 / 23.92 / 63.43 / 22566 / 25.5 / 163.5
Mälaren-Prästfjärden / Mälaren / 10 / 16.9 / 313.9 / 5.304 / 55.0 / 20.96 / 65.08 / 17852 / 25.4 / 139.9
Mälaren-Garnsviken / Mälaren / 4 / 2.0 / 1.7 / 0.003 / 4.5 / 35.49 / 58.22 / 170 / 78.0 / 1.04575
Mälaren-Blacken / Mälaren / 5 / 10.0 / 83.6 / 0.836 / 26.0 / 17.67 / 70.18 / 13256 / 44.3 / 122.8
Mälaren-Granfjärden / Mälaren / 6 / 10 / 75.9 / 759.1 / 28.0 / 18.9 / 68.7 / 14718.9 / 48.053 / 131.5
Hjälmaren-StorHjälmaren / Hjälmaren / 3 / 7.0 / 369.5 / 2.587 / 22.0 / 27.94 / 53.78 / 3470 / 50.1 / 29.3
Hjälmaren-Mellanfjärden / Hjälmaren / 2 / 2.0 / 39.4 / 0.079 / 3.0 / 21.26 / 66.49 / 1684 / 65.4 / 17.2

Suppl. Table 4 Occurring species listed after their prevalence (%) in NORDIC coastal multimesh gillnets. Species analysed using hydroacoustics was sampled with a small pelagic trawl. Commercial catch in tonnes (mean of the years 2011-2012). Trophic level taken from Argillier et al. (2013), the abbreviations indicate main feeding mode.

SPECIES / LATIN / NORDIC MULTIMESH / DEEP MULTIMESH / HYDRO-
ACOUSTICS / CATCH (TONNES) / TROPHIC
LEVEL
Ruffe / Gymnocephaluscernuus / 91.9 / 76.1 / 66.2 / 0.0 / OMNI
Perch / Percafluviatilis / 75.9 / 32.0 / 14.4 / 87.0 / INV/PISC
Roach / Rutilusrutilus / 68.4 / 9.1 / 6.9 / 1.0 / OMNI
White bream / Bliccabjoerkna / 67.6 / 3.1 / 3.5 / 0.0 / PLAN
Bream / Abramisbrama / 49.3 / 4.0 / 17.0 / 31.0 / PLAN
Zander / Sander lucioperca / 42.2 / 4.4 / 25.4 / 434.0 / INV/PISC
Bleak / Alburnusalburnus / 35.1 / 0.0 / 2.4 / 0.0 / PLAN
Smelt / Osmeruseperlanus / 27.0 / 68.5 / 100.0 / 0.5 / PLAN/PISC
Vendace / Coregonusalbula / 12.1 / 18.5 / 93.0 / 315.0 / PLAN
Rudd / Scardiniuserythropthalmus / 6.3 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / OMNI
Whitefish / Coregonusmaraena / 5.9 / 94.9 / 60.1 / 27.0 / INV/PISC
Pike / Esoxlucius / 5.6 / 1.5 / 0.0 / 95.0 / PISC
Zope / Ballerusballerus / 4.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / PLAN
Asp / Aspusaspus / 3.7 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 2.5 / PISC
Burbot / Lota lota / 3.0 / 47.5 / 5.9 / 31.0 / PISC
Tench / Tincatinca / 2.3 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / OMNI
Dace / Leuciscusleuciscus / 1.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / OMNI
Four-horned sculpin / Myoxocephalusquadricornis / 0.9 / 10.3 / 0.0 / 0.0 / INV
Minnow / Phoxinusphoxinus / 0.5 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / INV
Ide / Leusiscusidus / 0.4 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / INV/PISC
Vimba / Vimba vimba / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.0 / 0.0 / OMNI
Arctic charr / Salvelinussalvelinus / 0.2 / 30.6 / 12.9 / 8.0 / INV/PISC
Trout / Salmo trutta / 0.2 / 7.9 / 0.0 / 7.0 / INV/PISC
European bullhead / Cottusgobio / 0.2 / 0.4 / 0.0 / 0.0 / INV
Spined loach / Cobitistaenia / 0.2 / 0.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / BEN
Grayling / Thymallusthymallus / 0.2 / 0.7 / 0.0 / 0.0 / INV
Three-spined stickleback / Gasterosteusaculeatus / 0.1 / 0.7 / 45.5 / 0.0 / PLAN
Crucian carp / Carassiuscarassius / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / OMNI
Eel / Anguilla anguilla / 0.1 / 0.0 / 4.4 / 74.0 / INV/PISC
Alpine bullhead / Cottuspoecilopus / 0.0 / 0.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / INV/PISC
Salmon / Salmo salar / 0.0 / 0.6 / 8.0 / 14.0 / INV/PISC
Nine-spined stickleback / Pungitiuspungitius / 0.0 / 0.5 / 1.1 / 0.0 / INV
River lamprey / Lampetrafluviatilis / 0.0 / 0.0 / 6.6 / 0.0 / PISC
TOTAL / 29 / 23 / 17 / 1127.0

Suppl. Table 5 Summary statistics of a multivariate regression tree analysis on pelagic fish assemblages. P is the complexity parameter. N split is the number of the split. Rel error is the relative error. X error is the mean value of the errors of the cross-validations and X std is the standard deviation of the cross-validations. The root node error was 108/478=0.226.

Nr / CP / n splits / relerror / xerror / xstd
1 / 0.157 / 0 / 1.000 / 1.005 / 0.032
2 / 0.125 / 1 / 0.843 / 0.854 / 0.032
3 / 0.048 / 2 / 0.718 / 0.740 / 0.035
4 / 0.034 / 3 / 0.670 / 0.701 / 0.035
5 / 0.031 / 4 / 0.635 / 0.680 / 0.036
6 / 0.029 / 5 / 0.605 / 0.669 / 0.037

Suppl. Table 6 Summary statistics of a multivariate regression tree analysis on inshore benthic fish assemblages. CP is the complexity parameter, N split is the number of the split, Rel error is the relative error, X error is the mean value of the errors of the cross-validations and X std is the standard deviation of the cross-validations. The root node error was 53.77/1631=0.033.

Nr / CP / N split / Relerror / X error / X std
1 / 0.110 / 0 / 1.000 / 1.001 / 0.017
2 / 0.108 / 1 / 0.890 / 0.937 / 0.016
3 / 0.030 / 2 / 0.782 / 0.848 / 0.015
4 / 0.030 / 3 / 0.752 / 0.829 / 0.015
5 / 0.015 / 4 / 0.722 / 0.801 / 0.014
6 / 0.015 / 5 / 0.707 / 0.791 / 0.014
7 / 0.010 / 6 / 0.693 / 0.770 / 0.014

Suppl. Table 7 Summary statistics of a multivariate regression tree analysis on offshore benthic fish assemblages. CP is the complexity parameter, N split is the number of the split, Rel error is the relative error, X error is the mean value of the errors of the cross-validations and X std is the standard deviation of the cross-validations. The root node error was 381.9/1375=0.277.

Nr / CP / n splits / relerror / xerror / Xstd
1 / 0.145 / 0 / 1.000 / 1.002 / 0.021
2 / 0.068 / 1 / 0.855 / 0.861 / 0.019
3 / 0.040 / 2 / 0.786 / 0.799 / 0.020
4 / 0.014 / 3 / 0.746 / 0.762 / 0.020
5 / 0.013 / 4 / 0.732 / 0.759 / 0.020

Suppl. Table 8 Summary of groups identified by multivariate trees and the predictor variables and fish species that characterizes them and the lakes that they occur in.Chl a= chlorophyll a levels, CDOM = colored dissolved organic material, TSM = total suspended matter and NEAR DIST=Nearest distance to shoreline.

Group / Other char. species / Depth / CDOM / TSM / NEAR DIST / Lakes
NORDIC COASTAL GILLNETS
Arctic charr / Four-horned sculpin, vendace, whitefish / <12.2 m / >0.32 / L. Vättern
Smelt / Burbot / <12.2 m / <0.32 / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren
Grayling / Trout, minnow, ruffe / >12.2 m / >0.12 / L. Vättern
Perch / 8.3-12.2 / 0.12-0.76 / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren
Roach / Ide, dace / 2-8.3 / 0.12-0.76 / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren
White bream / Bream, zander, bleak / >12.2 m / <0.76 / <500 m / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren, L. Hjälmaren
Rudd / Asp, tench / >12.2 m / <0.76 / >500 m / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren, L. Hjälmaren
DEEP GILLNETS
Four-horned sculpin / Four-horned sculpin, Arctic charr, whitefish / <20.9 m / >0.17 / L. Vättern
Whitefish / <20.9 m / >0.17 / <1832 m / L. Vänern, L. Vättern
Burbot / <20.9 m / <0.17 / <0.38 / 100-1832 / L. Vänern
Vendace / Smelt / <20.9 m / >0.17 / >0.38 / 100-1832 / L. Vänern
Trout / Grayling, ruffe, roach / >20.9 m / >0.19 / L. Vättern
Bream / Perch, zander, white bream / >20.9 m / <0.19 / L. Vänern
HYDROACOUSTICS
Arctic charr / Four-horned sculpin, bream / <39.4 m / >0.14 / L. Vättern
Whitefish / >39.4 m / >0.14 / L. Vättern
Zander / Perch, white bream, smelt / >40.8 m / <0.14 / <0.39 / L. Mälaren
Smelt / >40.8 m / <0.14 / >0.39 / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren
Vendace / Ruffe / <40.8 m / <0.14 / L. Vänern, L. Mälaren

Suppl. Table 9aSummary of results from an evaluation of candidate metrics describing benthic fish communities to assess eutrophication pressure against a number of remote sensing derived variables using a multiple stepwise regression model. N v e = no variables entered in model, n a = not assessed.

Nr / Metric / Best variable / Mean / SD / r2 / sig. / Partial correlation / alfa
1 / logNPUE / Mean Chl a / 2.16 / 0.27 / 0.20 / 0.04 / 0.45 / 2.09
2 / logWPUE / n v e / 3.60 / 0.19 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
3 / MEAN SIZE / n v e / 34.60 / 7.26 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
4 / N SPECIES / n v e / 12,09 / 2.44 / 0.35 / 0.02 / 0.59 / 3.49
5 / SHANNON / n v e / 1.15 / 0.22 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
6 / SIMPSON / n v e / 0.59 / 0.08 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
7 / PROPCYPR 1 / May Chl a / 0.32 / 0.20 / 0.40 / 0.01 / 0.64 / 0.36
8 / PROPCYPR 2 / Mean Chl a / 0.50 / 0.20 / 0.83 / <0.001 / 0.90 / 0.12
9 / PERC SALM / n v e / 0.02 / 0.05 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
10 / PERCH/CYPR / May Chl a / 0.57 / 0.47 / 0.65 / <0.001 / -0.80 / 12.98
11 / logPLAN B / Aug CDOM / 2.96 / 0.36 / 0.80 / <0.001 / 0.89 / 10.71
12 / logPLAN N / Mean Chl a / 1.40 / 0.47 / 0.78 / <0.001 / 0.90 / 8.03
13 / logINV/PISC B / n v e / 3.12 / 0.22 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
14 / logINV/PISC N / Mean TSM / 1.21 / 0.34 / 0.25 / 0.03 / -0.50 / -2.33
15 / SMELT YOY / na / na / na / na / na / na / na
16 / PDENSITY / na / na / na / na / na / na / na
17 / PBIOMASS / na / na / na / na / na / na / na

Suppl. Table 9b Summary of results from an evaluation of candidate metrics describing pelagic fish communities to assess eutrophication pressure against a number of remote sensing derived variables using a multiple stepwise regression model. N v e = no variables entered in model, n a = not assessed.

Nr / Metric / Best variable / Mean / SD / r2 / sig. / Partial correlation / alfa
1 / NPUE / na / na / na / na / na / na / na
2 / WPUE / na / na / na / na / na / na / na
3 / MEAN SIZE / n v e / 11.42 / 11.55 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
4 / N SPECIES / n v e / 6.11 / 1.60 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
5 / SHANNON / n v e / 0.90 / 0.20 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
6 / SIMPSON / n v e / 0.50 / 0.12 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
7 / PROPCYPR 1 / n v e / 0.14 / 0.15 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
8 / PROPCYPR 2 / n v e / 0.14 / 0.15 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
9 / PROP SALM / Mean Chl a / 0.22 / 0.22 / 0.74 / 0.00 / 0.86 / 0.43
10 / PERCH/CYPR / n v e / 0.03 / 0.07 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
11 / logPLAN B / n v e / 2.85 / 0.56 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
12 / logPLAN N / n v e / 1.43 / 0.74 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
13 / logINV/PISC B / n v e / 1.38 / 0.74 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
14 / logINV/PISC N / n v e / 1.53 / 0.77 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e
15 / logSMELT YOY / Mean TSM / 0.18 / 0.14 / 0.61 / 0.01 / 0.78 / 0.03
16 / logPDENSITY / Mean Chl a / 4.22 / 0.43 / 0.76 / <0.001 / 0.87 / 3.80
17 / logPBIOMASS / n v e / 2.11 / 0.50 / n v e / n v e / n v e / n v e