Honors Chemistry
Study Guide – Unit 3: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Test Date: .
Chapter Two:
· History/evolution of the atom – know the contributions of each scientist and the results of their experiments (be able to match scientists to their experiments & explain how each experiment contributed to the development of our current model of the atom)
o Democritus
o Dalton
§ Dalton’s five postulates
§ Law of Conservation of Mass
§ Law of Definite Proportions
o JJ Thompson
§ cathode ray tube experiment = discovery of electrons
§ Plum Pudding Model
o Millikan
§ oil drop experiment = found the mass of a single electron
o Marie Curie
§ experiments to isolate radioactive components
o Rutherford
§ Discovered alpha, beta, & gamma radiation
§ gold foil experiment = lead to the nuclear model of the atom (discovered that there must be a small, dense, positively charged nucleus in the atom)
· Modern model of atomic structure –
o Atomic #, Mass #
o Subatomic particles
§ neutrons, protons, electrons (charges)
§ determine how many p+, no and e– are in an atom or ion
§ different ways to represent an isotope (isotope symbol & hyphenated notation)
§ Isotopes – definition
· Average Atomic Mass
o Average atomic mass calculations (be able to solve for avg. atomic mass, % abundance, and/or individual isotopes masses)
§ You need to know the equation to calculate these (it will NOT be given to you)
· The Periodic Table
o Who developed the periodic table & how was it arranged (Moseley & Mendeleev) – See your POGIL for the valid equation(s)
o group/family (be able to # 1-18) vs. period/series (be able to number 1-7)
o names and location on the periodic table of group #1,2,16,17,18 and lanthanide and actinide series.
o metals, nonmetals, metalloids
§ location on periodic table
§ element examples of each
§ common properties of each (malleability, conductivity, lustrous, general melting points etc.)