Study Guide – Test One – Marine Biology Honors
Important Terms/People
Phoenicians
Egyptians
Aristotle
Hypatia
Herodotus
Library at Alexandria
Chinese sailors
Vikings
Voyaging
Celestial navigation
Ferdinand Magellan
Charles Darwin
Vasco de Gama
Submersibles
ROVs
Bathysphere
Drilling Ships
Fixed and Floating platforms
James Cook
Sir Francis Bacon
Chronometer
HMS Endeavor
Oceanography versus Marine Science
HMS Challenger
Jacques Cousteau
Emil Gagnan
SCUBA
Plate tectonics
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Hadal zone
Sea floor spreading
Crust
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Oceanic crust
Continental crust
Trenches
Subduction
Pangea
Laurasia
Gondwona
Biogenous sediment
Lithogenous sediment
Diatoms
Radiolarians
Forminiferans
Coccolitophorids
Ocean ecosystem services
Atoms, elements, and molecules
Water molecules
The Three States of Water
Latent heat of melting
Heat Capacity
Salts
Ions
Salinity/Conductivity
Light penetration of seawater
Building blocks of life
Organic
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Primary production
Ocean Nutrients
Upwelling
Downwelling
Currents
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Organelles
Diffusion
Osmosis
Sexual vs. Asexual reproduction
Natural selection
Adaptation
- Prior to the formation of marine biology/marine discovery, how did people generally view the ocean?
- List the contributions of the following peoples to our knowledge of the ocean:
- Egyptians
- Phoenicians
- Greeks
- Chinese
- Aristotle
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Vasco de Gama
- Charles Darwin
- James Cook
- Explain the contribution of airplanes and satellites to our understanding of the oceans
- Where and when did the Vikings voyage through the Atlantic? What did they find along the way?
- What was Benjamin Franklin’s contribution to 18th century science voyaging?
- Explain the HMS Challenger and its significance in the field of marine biology
- How did the development of SONAR change our understanding of the oceans?
- What are the different characteristics that make water such a unique substance?
- Explain the general speed that water molecules are moving in a) liquid, b) frozen, and c) gaseous state.
- Why does water take up more volume frozen than as a liquid?
- Define salinity and explain how we have come to understand the average salinity of the ocean
- Explain the Rule of Constant Proportions
- Explain why only blue light remains as water depth increases?
- Draw a graph showing the relationship between:
- Salinity and Water Density
- Temperature and Water Density
- Explain the concept of ecosystem services and list at least four different ecosystem services provided by marine areas: