Change Over Time – Review Sheet Region: SUB SAHARAN AFRICA

Technology: development, spread, acceptance, rejection, modification, influence / Economics & Trade / Agriculture, spread of crops / Trade: development, spread, acceptance, rejection, modification, influence / Religion / belief systems / Gender roles / Migrations (forced or voluntary), seasonal or permanent, over a short or long period of time / Population Changes
Foundations / Bantu spread iron-making, development of bronze & iron weapons and tools, spears / farming / Bantu spread of agriculture development, farming / Indigenous beliefs, polytheism / Originally migrated Africa----rest of world
600-1450 / Skills of metal working in individual tribes, bronze sculpting in Benin around Nigeria / Gold ivory skins, copper, iron
Saharans trade with Muslim caravans / None, mostly gold trade. Zimbabwe / Caravans of salt & gold across Sahara / Adopted Islam in Mali, Christianity in Ethiopia / Rich men subservient to men. Matrilineal women could own property / Bantu migration, Central Africa
1450-1750 / Economically exploited by Europe
Major gold trade, Atlantic Slave Trade / Religions remain, division of Africa=Muslim or Christian / Women become co-rulers or Queens (Nzinga of Angola) Women power / Afrikaners, Boers to South Africa, slave trade
1750-1914 / Ethiopia arms itself with modern weapons, S.Africa, Europeans had guns / Imperialized
Diamond trade, Cecil Rhode, slave trade contd. / Zulu aggression causes tribes to migrate, white settlers, slave trade
1914- Present / Imperialism gone, economic independence / Diamonds, oil (OPEC) / Women rights/movements / Massive pop. growth, baby mortality rates decrease

§  How were things different at the end of each time period from what they were at the beginning? (How it changed?)

§  What were the processes of change and the causes of change within these time periods? (What changed it?)

§  Within each time period, to what extent has the distinctiveness over time been maintained? (How it stayed the same?)