AP World

Study Guide- Chapters 6-15: Regional and Transregional Interactions

Your test will be 70 multiple-choice questions and one comparative essay. You will have no more than 55 minutes to complete them. Remember that the AP exam is a timed exam and you must get used to answering questions in a timed environment.

The study guide below lists things you must know. Use your notes, the book, the web site, and any other resources you need to explain/answer the concepts below. One word answers will probably not suffice and will certainly not help you on the test.

The following is a list of concepts from the time period from the College Board:

3. 1 Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks

I. Improved transportation technologies and commercial practicesled to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographicalrange of existing and newly active trade networks.

II. The movement of peoples caused environmental and linguisticeffects.

III. Cross-cultural exchanges were fostered by the intensification ofexisting, or the creation of new, networks of trade and communication.

IV. There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens throughoutthe Eastern Hemisphere along the trade routes.

3.2 Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions

Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions newstate forms emerged.

3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences

Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production inmany regions.

The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significantdecline, and with periods of increased urbanization buoyed by risingproductivity and expanding trade networks.

Despite significant continuities in social structures and inmethods of production, there were also some important changes inlabor management and in the effect of religious conversion on genderrelations and family life.

The Four Themes of the Era are:

  • the expanding influence of Arabs and Islam
  • the spread of civilization to other regions of the world
  • shift in belief systems from polytheism to a few great religions
  • the development of world trading network

Some Comparative Themes to consider (these are NOT your comparative questions)

  1. Compare Medieval Europe to Feudal Japan
  2. Compare Western Europe with Africa
  3. Compare successes and failures of Islamic caliphates and the Roman Catholic Church
  4. Compare economic and political roles of the period’s major cities: Constantinople, Samarkand, Canton, Timbuktu, Venice, Cordoba, Malacca, Calicut

Chapter 6

Characteristics of Bedouin society (including organization, religion, status of women)

Clan in charge of Mecca

Response of the Umayyads to Islam

Umma

Caliph

Dhimmi

Islam’s attitude towards the other monotheistic religions

Reasons for Islam’s expansion beyond the Arabian peninsula

Geographic areas of Islam’s expansion

Sunni/Shi’a split

Citizenship in the Umayyad period

Abbasid rise to power and government characteristics

Status of Mecca

Muslim Traders

Chapter 7

Cultural contributions of the Muslims during the Abbasid period

Position of women in the Abbasid period

Attitude of the Abbasids towards slavery

Reasons for decline of the Abbasids

Reasons for the success of the first Crusade

Sufi movement

Ulama- definition and role of

Effect of the Mongol invasions on Islam

Islamic invasion of India

Treatment of Hindus and Buddhists by invaders

Delhi Sultanate

Indian conversion to Islam- who helped convert the Indians and which Indians converted?

Islam’s spread to Southeast Asia

Chapter 8

Characteristics of African societies

Bantu Migrations

Sahel

Christian kingdoms in Africa

Griots

Political organization of early African kingdoms

How did Islam come to Africa? When?

Characteristics of Mali and Songhay

Reasons for the downfall of Songhay

Affect of Islam on the African slave trade and view of slavery in Muslim society

Characteristics of the trading ports on the eastern Swahili coast

Yoruba political organization

Great Zimbabwe

Mansa Musa

IbnBattuta

Religion in Africa

Chapter 9

Significance of the Byzantine Empire

Justinian and his accomplishments

Byzantine bureaucracy

Relationship of church and state in Byzantium

Split of the church in 1054

Characteristics of the merchant class

Invaders of the Byzantine Empire

Origins of KievanRus

Reasons for Vladimir’s conversion to Orthodox Christianity

Characteristics of Mongol invasion of Russia

Chapter 10

Impact of the Crusades on the west

Impact of the Crusades on Islam

Impact of Christianity on the polytheistic religions in western Europe

Compare feudal monarchy in England and France

Merchant artisan guilds

Viking influence on the west

Intellectual activity of the west prior to the 8th century and later after 1000 CE

New agricultural techniques

Charlamagne

Magna Carta

Hanseatic League

Manorialism

Feudalism

Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization in Europe?

Thomas Aquinas

Peter Abelard

Gothic architecture

Effects of the Hundred Years’ War

Chapter 11: Americas

  1. Major civilizations in the Americas prior to 1500
  2. Religion and practices in the Americas
  3. Geography of the Americas and how it affected their development
  4. Relationship between the Toltecs and their predecessors
  5. How did the Aztec come to dominate the Lake Texcoco region?
  6. Impact of expansion on the Aztec social system
  7. How did Aztecs administer territories they conquered?
  8. What is the concept of Inca socialism?
  9. Similarities and differences between Aztecs and Incas
  10. Characteristics of both the Aztecs and Inca including the economy, the status of women, and political structure
  11. North American Indians

Chapter 12: China in the Sui, Tang, Song Era

  1. What happened to China after the fall of the Han?
  2. Which dynasty ended this period of chaos? How did they do it?
  3. Why did the Sui fall?
  4. Why did the Tang manage such a rapid revival?
  5. Characteristics of the Tang dynasty including politics, economy, women
  6. Why did the Tang fall?
  7. Characteristics of the Song dynasty including politics, economy, women
  8. Buddhism vs. Confucianism during this period in China
  9. Major technological developments of the time period
  10. Why did the Song fall?

Chapter 13: Chinese influence on Japan, Korea, Vietnam

  1. Which religion was important in transmitting Chinese civilization to Japan?
  2. Identify: samurai, seppuku, Gempei, bushi, Bakufu, Yoritomo, Shogun, daimyos
  3. What and when were the Taika reforms?
  4. What was the relationship between the provincial military elite and imperial court
  5. Describe Japanese feudalism. Compare it to W. European feudalism
  6. How did the rise of the samurai affect the peasantry in Japan?
  7. Describe the relationship between the influence of China in Japan and power in China.
  8. What were the primary Korean dynasties? How did China attempt to take over Korea?
  9. Describe the relationship between China and Korea
  10. Which Korean kingdom was able to establish an independent Korea?
  11. Describe the relationship between Vietnam and China
  12. Compare the influences of China on Japan, Korea, Vietnam. Where were there failures? Successes?

Chapter 14: The Mongols

  1. How was Mongol society organized?
  2. Origins of Chinggis Khan (how and when he became leader, what he was like, etc.)
  3. Characteristics of the Mongol army
  4. What happened after Chinggis’s death?
  5. Who was Kublai Khan?
  6. How did he rule China? What changes did he make to ruling China?
  7. Status of women in China during Mongol reign
  8. Why did nomadic threats stop largely after 1500?

Chapter 15: Shifts in Global Power

  1. Why did the Arabic Caliphate decline (internal and external reasons)?
  2. Which Chinese dynasty succeeded (came after) the Yuan dynasty?
  3. What were the goals of that dynasty?
  4. Why did China halt expeditions and revert to isolationism?
  5. Marco Polo
  6. What areas did the Ottomans capture?
  7. What is the Renaissance? Where did it begin?
  8. What were the motivations for European exploration?
  9. What advantages did W. Europe have at the time?
  10. Why were Spain and Portugal “ahead” of other European nations in exploration?
  11. What is ethnocentrism?
  12. Which areas were outside the world network still by 1500?