Study 1: Retail Laboratory Facility

Web Appendix A

Study 1: Retail Laboratory Facility

Web Appendix B

Study 2: Stimuli

Objective Information Disclosure Present

What Do "Natural" Claims On Food Products Really Mean?

Federal law requires that organic food products be produced in ways that promote ecological sustainability, without the toxic inputs and genetically engineered ingredients that are common in the conventional food system. Increasingly, these organic products are forced to compete with products that claim to be “natural.”
However, no legal requirements or restrictions exist for foods labeled “natural.” Unlike the organic label, no government agency, certification group or other independent entity defines the term “natural” on food packages or ensures that the claim has merit (other than meat, where the USDA has created some extremely modest requirements). Each food company determines its own definition of the “natural” label. The farms and processing plants that produce ingredients for “natural” foods are not prohibited by law from using pesticides, genetically engineered crops, fumigants, solvents, and synthetic processing aids. These agricultural and manufacturing inputs are not required by law to be listed on ingredient labels.

Objective Information Disclosure Absent

The Importance of Protecting Personal Information From Identity Thieves
Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information, such as your name or Social Security number, without your permission to commit fraud or other crimes. The Federal Trade Commission estimates that as many as 9 million Americans have their identities stolen each year. In fact, you or someone you know may have experienced some form of identity theft.
While some identity theft victims can resolve their problems quickly, others spend hundreds of dollars and many days repairing damage to their good name and credit record. The crime takes many forms and you may not find out about the theft until you review your credit report or a credit card statement and notice charges you did not make – or until you are contacted by a debt collector. The best way to find out is to monitor your accounts and bank statements each month, and check your credit report on a regular basis.

Web Appendix C

Study 2: Stimuli

Web Appendix D

Study 3: Stimuli

No Claim Control Condition

Natural Claim Condition

Natural Claim with Objective Information Disclosure Condition

Note: This study had a fourth condition in which participants read the disclosure embedded in the news article (see Web Appendix B), completed the unrelated filler task used in Study 2, and were then presented with the natural claim condition stimulus.