Statistics Final Exam Study Guide

Chapter 1

Define: population, sample, hypothesis-testing, quasi-experimental study, Hawthorne Effect

The uses and misuses of Statistics

Different levels of measurement

Different types of data collection

Different types of sampling techniques

Know the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics

Different types of variables

Know the difference between observational and experimental studies

Chapter 2

Define: lower class limits, upper class limits, class boundaries, class width

Know the three types of frequency distribution charts and when to use them

Describe the three most commonly used graphs in research

Know the best scenario when each graph should be used

Know how to find the range of a set of data

Know the different distribution shapes of graphs

15. / Using the following frequency distribution, construct a frequency polygon.
Temperature / Frequency
28.5–31.5 / 1
31.5–34.5 / 3
34.5–37.5 / 6
37.5–40.5 / 10
40.5–43.5 / 8
43.5–46.5 / 7
16. / Given the following frequency distribution, how many pieces of data were less than 28.5?
Class Boundaries / Frequencies
13.5–18.5 / 4
18.5–23.5 / 9
23.5–28.5 / 12
28.5–33.5 / 15
33.5–38.5 / 17
17. / Karen is constructing a pie graph to represent the number of hours her classmates do homework each day. She found that 8/24 did homework for three hours each day. In her pie graph, this would represent how many degrees?
18. / Construct a pie graph using the following data from the local bakery.
Cookie Types / Number Sold
Chocolate Chip / 20
Peanut Butter / 15
Oatmeal / 30
Sugar / 10
19. / A local fundraiser wants to graphically display the contributions they have received over the past five years. Construct a time series graph for the following data.
Year / Contributions
1996 / $550
1997 / $700
1998 / $800
1999 / $1050
2000 / $1200

Chapter 3

Define: percentiles, quartiles, deciles, empirical rule

Know the difference between a parameter and a statistic

Be able to list the measures of central tendency, the measures of variation, and the measures of position

23. / Find the z score for each student and indicate which one is higher.
Art Major / / /
Theater Major / / /
24. / What is the correct standard score for a batter who normally averages 0.325, with a standard deviation of 0.065 if he scores 0.410 for one game?
25. / Find the weighted mean for three exams if the first one was worth 75 points and the student received a score of 70%, the second was worth 50 points and the student received a score of 80% and the third was worth 30 points and the student received a score of 95%?
26. / Given that the mean of a set of data is 25 and the standard deviation is 3, what would be the coefficient of variation?
27. / Find the mean, mode, median, and midrange value for the following data set.
12, 15, 18, 18, 15, 22, 15, 30, 12
28. / The grades for a trigonometry exam follow. Find the range.
85, 76, 93, 82, 84, 90, 75
29. / Find, , and for the following data set.
7, 21, 32, 38.
30. / Given the following two sets of data, draw a stem and leaf plot.
12, 22, 22, 24, 34, 31, 26, 35, 27, 39, 49, 10
45, 36, 23, 16, 37, 28, 18, 13, 10, 23, 30, 31

Find the percentile ranks of each weight in the data set. The weights are in pounds.

78, 82, 86, 92, 97

In the previous problem, what value corresponds to the 30th percentile?

Find the standard deviation for the following data. The number of stories in the 11 tallest buildings in St. Paul, Minnesota are shown:

32, 36, 46, 20, 32, 18, 16, 34, 26, 27, 26

Find the standard deviation for the following data. The exam score frequencies are shown for 108 randomly selected college students.

Class limitsFrequency

90-986

99-10722

108-11643

117-12528

126-1349

Chapter 4

Define: probability, outcomes, sample space, mutually exclusive, dependent events, independent events

Know the differences between the three interpretations of probability

37. / If one tosses a coin enough times, the number of heads and tails will tend to “even out.” This is an example of the ______.
38. / In a recent study, the following data was obtained in response to the question, “Do you favor recycling in your neighborhood?”
Yes / No / No Opinion
Males / 25 / 15 / 10
Females / 30 / 10 / 10
If a person is picked at random, what is the probability that the person is either male or has no opinion regarding recycling?
39. / It has been reported that 3% of all cars on the highway are traveling at speeds in excess of 70 mph. If the speeds of four random automobiles are measured via radar, what is the probability that at least one car is going over 70 mph?
40. / If a black suit is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, what is the probability that the card is a spade?
41. / If one card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, what is the probability that the card will be an ace, a queen of diamonds, or a club?
42. / If a coin were tossed three times, find the probability that the coin will land on heads at least one of those three times.
43. / If a single card is drawn from an ordinary deck of cards, what is the probability of drawing either a club or a 5?
44. / On an eight question true-false quiz, a student guesses each answer. What is the probability that he/she gets at least one of the answers correct?
45. / Given eight students, three of which are females, if two students are selected at random, without replacement, what is the probability that both students are female?
46. / It has been reported that 3% of all cars on the highway are traveling at speeds in excess of 70 mph. If the speeds of four random automobiles are measured via radar, what is the probability that at least one car is going over 70 mph?
47. / A jar contains four white marbles, five red marbles, and six black marbles. If a marble were selected at random, find the probability that it is white or black .

If 85% of all people have brown eyes and 6 people are selected at random, find the probability that at least one of them has brown eyes.

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