Name:______
Standard 1 Students will understand the nature of CHANGES IN MATTER.
Objective 1 A. Describe the chemical and physical properties of various substances.
Properties of Water Why Water is so Great…
Property
/Meaning
/Importance of Property
1.
/ /Light reaches chloroplasts in cells & aquatic plants.
2.
/ /Dissolved compounds can be transported in environment and life.
3.
/ /Small animals may walk on water.
4.
/ /Capillary action. Water pulled to top of trees.
5.
/ /Water bodies have stable temperatures. Body temps can be maintained.
6.
/ /In nature, water rarely boils so life is spared.
7.
/ /Ice insulates organisms living beneath.
8.
/ /Water can cool warm cells.
Penny Experiment:
How many drops of water could you put on your penny? Draw a picture of what your penny looks like from the side.
Balloon Experiment:
What do you think will happen to the balloon with water in it if a match is put under it?
What happened when the match was put under it? Why?
St. 1 Obj. 1Differentiate between chemical and physical properties. Physical and Chemical Changes
Matter:
-
-
-
The difference between Physical Property and Physical Change:
-
-
Physical Change vs. Property
-
-
What are some examples of physical change?
Chemical Change
Chemical changes –
- To identify a chemical change…
- A chemical change occurs when…
What is another example of chemical change?
Chemistry & Matter
We can explore-
What is an example of a chemical symbol?
Matter consists of –
The In-Betweenies: Physical or Chemical?
Some properties (abilities) can be either physical or chemical.
Examples:
Take the Quiz: Is it Chemical or Physical?
1.______2. ______3. ______
4.______5. ______6. ______
7.______8. ______9. ______
St 1 Obj 1 b. Classify substances based on their chemical and physical properties (e.g., reacts with water, does not react with water, flammable or nonflammable, hard or soft, flexible or nonflexible, evaporates or melts at room temperature).
Density Block Lab
For each station determine the block’s MASS and VOLUME, then figure out the block’s DENSITY by dividing the mass by the volume.
MASS = DENSITY After determining the DENSITY answer if it will float in water. Water’s
VOLUME density is 1.00 g/cm3.
**** Then determine any properties that the block might have. For example, answer each of the following questions:
1. Does it burn in the presence of oxygen? (If yes, then it is FLAMMABLE. If no, then it is NONFLAMMABLE.)
2. Does it shine? (If yes, then it has a LUSTER. If no, then it has NO LUSTER.)
3. Could it melt easily? (If yes, then it has a LOW MELTING POINT. If no, it has a HIGH MELTING POINT.)
4. Is it see through? (If yes, then it is TRANSPARENT. If no, then it is OPAQUE.)
*If there are other properties you can think of, please list them.
* All of the blocks in this lab have the same volume but different masses. What is the volume of each block? ______
Volume= length x width x height
Station / DENSITY / Does it float in water? / Physical Properties? Chemical Properties?Station 1: Acrylic
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
Station 2: Oak & Pine
Oak
Mass: ______=
Volume
Pine
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
g
cm3
Station 3: Poplar
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
Station 4: Steel & Aluminum
Steel
Mass: ______=
Volume
Aluminum
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
g
cm3
Station 5: Copper
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
Station 6: Brass
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
Station 7: Nylon
Mass: ______=
Volume / g
cm3
Station 8: PVC
Mass: ______=
Volume /
g
cm3
Student Vocab Notes on Properties of Matter
1.______ the ability to resist flowing
Ex:
2. ______ the ability to scratch or be scratched by other materials
Ex:.
3.______ the ability to burn in the presence of Oxygen
Ex:
4. ______the ability to combine with another substance in a chemical bond
Ex:
5. ______how heavy a substance is; g/mL
Ex:
6. ______the point at which a solid becomes a liquid
Ex:
7. ______the point at which a liquid becomes a solid.
Ex:
8. ______the point at which a liquid becomes a gas
Ex:
9. ______ : the point at which a gas becomes a liquid.
Ex:
10. ______:the ability to allow heat/electrons to flow through it
Ex:
11. ______the ability to be flatten the solid without it shattering
Ex:
12. ______the ability to reflect light/shine
Ex:
13. ______the ability to be dissolved in a liquid
Ex:
14.______ the ability for a substance to be attracted to magnets.
Ex:
15. ______The ability to change shapes and then go back to the original shape easily.
Ex:
16. ______The ability to release gases under conditions before the boiling point
Ex:
17. he materials ability to change shapes but not
change what it is.
Ex:
18. ______the materials actually change in someway but do not change what it is.
Ex:
19. ______the ability of being able to change what it is
is under some process
Ex:
20. ______ When the materials actually change into a new
substance. Atoms are rearranged into new molecules.
Ex:
5 Signs there is a Chemical Change (** can occur in Physical Change)
1. ______ A smell is given off.
Ex:
2.______A chemical reaction gets cold or warm.
Ex:
3. ______ Becomes a new color
Ex:
4. ______ When bubble are given off or smoke.
Ex:
5______The solid is called a precipitate.
Example:
______
Chemical and Physical Properties…..
B / I / N / G / OObjective 2 Observe and evaluate evidence of chemical and physical change.
a. Identify observable evidence of a physical change (e.g., change in shape, size, phase).
b. Identify observable evidence of a chemical change (e.g., color change, heat or light given off, change in odor, gas given off).
Name That CHANGE
For the following activity, please list the change that occurs and then what type of change it is and why.
Description of Change / Physical or Chemical Change / WHY?St. 1 Obj. 1.c. Investigate and report on the chemical and physical properties of a particular substance.
Investigate Chemical and Physical Properties:
1. Choose a substance from home and analyze which chemical and physical properties it may have.
2. DO NOT PERFORM ANY TESTS AT HOME THAT COULD BE HAZARDOUS!!!
3. Make observations about that substance and research any properties it may have.
4. Write a page report on that property using the vocabulary terms mentioned above.
5. Be sure to include a reference of books, websites you used in your investigation and research.
6. Be sure that the writing is yours and is not directly copied from any website. This would be a form of cheating and you can get a zero if it is suspected.
This assignment is due:______
St. 1 Obj. 3 B. Relate the amount of energy added or taken away from a substance to the motion of molecules in the substance
Watching the Phases of Matter
Go to the following website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/9_10/changing_state.shtml
Follow the directions and answer the following questions:
1. What happens to the ice when the temperature reaches 0 C?
2. Can you change your ice back into water again? Does ice take up a bigger or smaller amount of volume than water?
3. What happens to the water when the temperature reaches 100 C?
4. Can you turn your steam back into water again? How?
5. What happens if you heat the steam over a 100 C?
Go to the next website: http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/animations/waterphases/status_water.htm
Answer the following questions after watching the simulation and pressing the square button with the two lines: (You may need to perform this experiment more than once.)
1. What temperatures is the water a solid at (ice block)? (remember if there is any amount of ice present it is in its solid phase)
2. What temperatures is the water a liquid at? (remember if there is any amount of liquid water present then it is in its solid phase)
3. When do particles begin to escape?
4. What temperatures is the water a gas at (water vapor)?
5. Draw a picture of the molecules and describe their speed at conditions in:
#1 #2 #3
Go to the following website: http://vital.cs.ohiou.edu/physical_chemical_change.html Number your paper below and describe what is happening at each question, what type of change it is, and why.
What’s Happening: Chem/Phys Change? Why
title: Boiling point
purpose: To see what temperature water boils at in our location.
prediction:
materials: heat plate burner, goggles, beaker, thermometer,
procedure:
data:
time / temperature / time / temperature / time / temperature0 / 4:30 / 9:00
30 / 5:00 / 9:30
1:00 / 5:30 / 10:00
1:30 / 6:00 / 10:30
2:00 / 6:30 / 11:00
2:30 / 7:00 / 11:30
3:00 / 7:30 / 12:00
3:30 / 8:00 / 12:30
4:00 / 8:30 / 13:00
analysis
1. What temperature was your boiling point? What is the class average for boiling point?
2. In Celsius, boiling point is supposed to be 100 degrees. In San Diego it is 100 degrees. Why not here?
3. Is boiling a chemical or physical change? Why?
4. What is boiling? 5. What are the bubbles in boiling water made of?
6. What is happening to the molecules of water as they are heated?
Conclusion: What are two things you learned? Be specific and write in complete sentences.
Objective 4 Identify the observable features of chemical reactions.
a. Identify the reactants and products in a given chemical change and describe the presence of the same atoms in both the reactants and products.
Distinguishing between Molecules and Atoms:
* As you may have already realized, the periodic table of elements describe the different types of atoms that occur in the universe.
Our planet has some very ______such as:
H – O- C-
N- Si – Na –
(note Si- 1element Silicon SI- 2 elements Sulfur Iodide; starts where capitalized)
* When these atoms combine they make ______:
______- Salt ______– Water ______- Carbon Dioxide
______- Glucose ______– Sucrose (Sugar) ______- Oxygen (gas, we breathe)
* It’s also important to remember that these molecules ______in certain ways (based on what properties each element has) and when you see a number, that tells you how ______that are present ______.
Ex: H2O – ______Hydrogen atoms, _____Oxygen atom CO2- _____Carbon atom, _____ Oxygen atom
C6H12O6- ____Carbon atoms, _____Hydrogen Atoms, _____Oxygen Atoms
* If there is a number INFRONT of the molecule/compound, it tells you the number of molecules present.
Ex: 2 H2O – _____Water molecules 6 CO2- ____ Carbon dioxide molecules NaCl- ____salt molecule
Before and After: Chemical Reactions:
*Chemical Reactions:
*
*
______separates reactants and products. The reactants are always what you start with(comes before the arrow) and products are always at the end.
See if you can pick out which is the reactant & which is the product and what molecules are present.
Reactants Products
1. 4 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O ( l )
2. 2 Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2 NaCl (s)
3. Ca + 2 H2O → Ca (OH)2 + H2
If you were to count the number of atoms on the ______and the number of
atoms on the ______they would be ______!
This is law is called ______; it occurs when no atoms are gained or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Please determine if this equation shows the conservation of mass by counting the number of atoms for each type of element on both sides. If they are equal then this reaction is correct.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Reactants: Products:
C= Na = C= Na =
H= O = H= O =
This experiment is actually very common. Label each of the molecules/compounds by their common name:
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Conservation of mass can also be seen on a balance.
Observe mass Observe Mass What happens if the mass if the CO2
Before Reaction: After Reaction: gas is released?
Complete all of the reactions below by counting if they obey the law of conservation of mass. Write Yes or No if it is balanced correctly.
Reactants: Products: Does it follow the
Conservation of Mass?
1. 2 HgO → 2 Hg + 1 O2
______
2. 3 Hf + 2 N2 → 1Hf N4
______
3. 1 Fe + 3 H2O → Fe2O3 + 3 H2
______
4. 1 Te + 1 H2O → 1 TeO + 1 H2
______
5. Combustion of pentane gas in Oxygen:
C5H12 + 8 O2 → 5 CO2 + H2O
______
6. Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
______
St. 1 Obj. 4.
B. Cite examples of common significant chemical reactions (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, rusting) in daily life.
C. Demonstrate that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction (e.g., mix two solutions that result in a color change or formation of a precipitate and weigh the solutions before and after mixing).
Demonstrate the CONSERVATION OF MASS:
Baking Soda and Vinegar
1. Describe the reactants and products of the chemical reaction of Baking Soda and Vinegar:
2. Count the atoms on each side to be sure they balance.
Reactants: Products:
Notebook Activity: On a separate piece of paper draw the atoms in the molecules of both photosynthesis and respiration.
Photosynthesis and Respiration:
1. Describe the reactants and products of photosynthesis: (Which organisms perform photosynthesis?)
Count the number of atoms on each side to be sure they balance.
Reactants: Products:
2. Describe the reactants and products of respiration: (Which organisms perform respiration?)
Count the number of atoms on each side to be sure they balance.
Reactants: Products:
St 1. Obj. 2 Observe and evaluate evidence of chemical and physical change.
c. Identify observable evidence of a physical change (e.g., change in shape, size, phase).
d. Identify observable evidence of a chemical change (e.g., color change, heat or light given off, change in odor, gas given off).