St Mary’s Higher Training Scheme in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

INTEGRATED SEMINAR COURSE IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND

CHILD PSYCHIATRY

Term 8 Spring 2007

Time: 11.45-13.00Venue: St Mary’s Department of Child Psychiatry, 17 Paddington Green, LONDON W2 1LQ

Interviewing and assessment:

1.10 Jan I - The child, parents and familyV Parkash

217 JanII - The physical examination, T Leverton

324 JanIII - Neuro-imaging C Wainhouse

431 JanIV - Psychometric testingA Rapley

Wider social influences on psychopathology and contexts for intervention:

5 7 FebI - Ethnicity and migrationM Hodes

14 FebHALF TERM

621 FebII - School S Hulin

7 28 FebIII - Internet, television and video A Doig

87 MarchPrimary care E Garralda

9 14 MarchPrevention and self helpC Hyde

10 21 March Child psychiatric services: needs, costs and provision T Hughes

Seminar 1

INTERVIEWING & ASSESSMENT - I

The Child, Parents and Family

Review

Angold A (2002) Diagnostic interviews with parents and children. In: M Rutter, E Taylor & L Hersov (Eds) Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Modern Approaches. 4th Edition Oxford: Blackwell. Pp 32-51.

Eisler I (2002) Family interviewing: Issues of theory and practice. In: M Rutter, E Taylor & L Hersov (Eds) Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Modern Approaches. 4th Edition Oxford: Blackwell. Pp128-140.

Presentation

  1. Jensen, PS et al (1999) Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: Are both informants always necessary? Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry38(12), 1569-1579.
  1. Thierry, K L et al.(2003).Awareness of the origin of knowledge predicts child witnesses' recall of alleged sexual and physical abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(8), 953-967. [2 & 3 on interviewing for particular problems]
  1. Glaser D (1989) The response of young non-sexually abused children to anatomically correct dolls. JCPP. 30, 547-560
  1. Warren, SL et al (1996) Can emotions and themes in children's play predict behaviour problems? Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 35(10), 1331-1337
  1. Hodes, M., Dare, C., Dodge, E. & Eisler, I. (1999) The assessment of expressed emotion in a standardised family interview. JCPP,40, 617-625.

[4& 5 assessment of affect and relationships in different contexts]

Further reading

Jones D (2003) Communicating with Vulnerable Children: A Guide for Practitioners: Gaskell.

Jones D (1992) Interviewing sexually abused children. London: Gaskell

Seminar 2

THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, GENERAL PHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS

Review

Bailey A (2002) Physical examination and medical investigations. In: M Rutter, E Taylor & L Hersov (Eds) Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Modern Approaches. 4th Edition Oxford: Blackwell. Chapter 10, pp141-160.

Binnie CD, Boyd S, Guerrini R & Pressler R (2002) Clinical neurophysiology. In: M Rutter, E Taylor & L Hersov (Eds) Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Modern Approaches. 3rd Edition Oxford: Blackwell. Chapter 11, pp161- 181.

For Presentation

  1. Landgren M et al (1999) Deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) a simplified school entry examination. In Landgren M. Deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP).Goteborg: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Pp 1-15. [focus on assessment of coordination disorder]
  1. Desai P & Talwar D (1995) Nonepileptic events in normal and neurologically handicapped children: A video-EEG study. Pediatric Neurology, 8, 127-129. [discuss use of EEG in clinical practice]
  1. Gillberg C (1997) Practitioner Review: Physical investigations in mental retardation. JCPP, 38, 889-897. [discuss investigations in clinical practice]
  1. Cole TJ (1994) Do growth charts need a face lift? BMJ, 308, 641-642.
  1. Cole TJ et al (1995) Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. Archives of Disease in Childhood 73 25-29. [focus on practical aspects of measuring weight, height and growth]

Further reading

Kadesjo B & Gillberg C (1998) Attention deficits and clumsiness in Swedish 7-year-old children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40, 796-804.

Oehlschlagel-Akiyoshi J et al (1999) How to define anorectic weight. European Eating Disorders Review, 7, 321-333.

Gillberg C (1995) Neurodevelopmental Examination of the Child with Neuropsychiatric Problems. Clinical Child Neuropsychiatry. Cambridge University Press, p295.

Goodman, R. (1997).Who needs child psychiatrists? Child Psychology & Psychiatry Review. Vol 2(1) pp15-19.

Seminar 3NEUROIMAGING

Review - I

Santosh PJ ( 2000) Neuroimaging in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, 412-9

Review – II

Frith CD (2006) The value of brain imaging in the study of development and its disordersJournal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryVolume 47: 979-982

For Presentation
  1. Durston S et al (2001) Anatomical MRI of the human developing brain. What have we learned? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(9), 1012-1020. [discuss developmental changes]
  1. Dickstein SG et al (2006)The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an ALE meta-analysisJournal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryVolume 47: 1051-1062 [up to date meta-analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies of ADHD]
  1. Hoptman M (2003) Neuroimaging studies of violence and antisocial behaviour. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 9(4), 265-278.
  1. De Bellis MD et al (1999) Developmental traumatology part II: brain development. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1271-1284. [stress induces brain abnormalities]
  1. Battaglia A, Bianchini E, Carey JC (1999) Diagnostic yield of the comprehensive assessment of developmental delay/mental retardation in an institute of child neuropsychiatry Am J Med Genet 82, 60-6. [how useful are physical investigations & scanning in child neuropsychiatry?]
Further Reading

Ernst M & Rumsey J eds. (2000) Functional Neuroimaging in Child Psychiatry. CambridgeUniversity Press.

Eliez S & Reiss AL (2000) Annotation: MRI Neuroimiaging of childhood psychiatric disorders: A selective review. JCPP, 41, 679-694.

Hendren RL et al (2000) Review of neuroimaging of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders from the past 10 years. Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 815-828.

Ernst M (1999) PET in child psychiatry. The risks and benefits of studying normal healthy children. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 23(4), 561-570.

Peterson BS (2001) Neuroimaging studies of Tourette Syndrome: A decade of progress. Advances in Neurology,85, 179-196.

Websites:

(on functional MRI)

(Society of Neuroscience)

Seminar 4

PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING

Review

Sergeant J & Taylor E (2002) Psychological Testing and Observation , in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Rutter M & Taylor E, 2002, 4th edition, chapter 6, 87-102

Rutter M & Yule W (2002) Applied Scientific Thinking in Clinical Assessment, in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Rutter M & Taylor E, 2002, 4th edition, chapter 7, 103-116.

Further Reading

Sparrow SS & SM Davies (2000) Recent advances in the assessment of intelligence and cognition. JCPP, 41, 117-131.

Halpern JM & McKay KE (1998) Psychological testing for child and adolescent psychiatrists: a review of the last 10 years. Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37 (6), 575-584.

Seminar 5

WIDER SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

I: ETHNICITY AND MIGRATION

Review

Rutter M & Nikapota A (2002) Culture, ethnicity, society and psychopathology. In M, Rutter, E Taylor (Eds) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 4thedition. Oxford: Blackwell. Pp 277-286.

For Presentation

1.Hackett L et al (1991). Psychological disturbance and its associations in the children of the Gujerati community, JCPP, 32(5), 851-6

[Asian children]

2.Hackett R & Hackett L (1993) Parental ideas of normal and deviant child behaviour. A comparison of two ethnic groups. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 353-357.

3.Stansfeld S et al (2004) Ethnicity , social deprivation and psychological distress in adolescents: school-based epidemiological study in east London. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 233-238.

4. Bhui K et al (2005) Cultural identity, acculturation, and mental health among adolescents in east London's multiethnic community.Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 296-302.

[consider the (un)importance of ethnicity & identity for psychopathology]

5 Tolmac J & Hodes M. (2004 Ethnicity and adolescent psychiatric admission for psychotic disorders British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 428-431.

[ ethnicity, severe psychiatric disorders and inpatient service utilisation]

Further reading

Kramer, T. & Hodes, M. (2003) Adjustment and psychopathology amongst Afro-Caribbean children and adolescents in the U.K. In D. Ndegwa & D. Olajide (eds.) Main Issues in Mental Health and Race. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Nikapota A (2002) Cultural and ethnic issues in service provision. In M, Rutter, E Taylor (Eds) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 4th ediction. Oxford: Blackwell. Pp 1148-1157.

Malek M & Joughin C (eds.) (2004) Mental Health Services for Minority Ethnic Children. Jessica Kingsley.

Rutter M & Tienda M (eds.) (2005) Ethnicity and Causal Mechanisms. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

WIDER SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

II: SCHOOL

Review

Sylva K (1994). School influences on development. JCPP 35(1), 135-170 [Considers the evidence concerning direct and indirect influences of school on children's development]

For presentation

  1. Anderson LM et al (2003) The effectiveness of early childhood development programs: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, (Special Issue: Supplement: The guide to community preventive services: Interventions in the social environment to improve community health: A systematic review), Apr 2003, vol. 24, no. Suppl3, p. 32-46
  1. Frederickson N & Turner J (2003). Utilising the classroom peer group to address children’s social needs: An evaluation of the Circle of Friends intervention approach. The Journal of Special Education. Bensalam:36(4), 234-250.
  1. Smith PK (2004) Bullying: Recent Developments.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,Sep 2004, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 98-103,
  1. Stevenson HW et al (1990). Mathematics achievement of children in China and the United States, Child Dev, 61, 1053-1066[cultural-parental differences and academic progress]
  1. Blatchford P et al (2003) Class size, pupil attentiveness and peer relation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(1), 15-22.

Further reading

Rutter M et al (1979). School Outcome. Chapter 5 in Fifteen Thousand Hours. Secondary Schools and their Effects on Children. London: Open Books. Classic study school effects

Mortimore P et al (1988) School Matters. Open Books

[school effectiveness in primary school age children]

Bennett N (1998) Annotation: class size and the quality of educational outcomes. JCPP, 39, 797-804.

Pearce JB & Thompson AE (1998) Practical approaches to reduce the impact of bullying. Arch Dis Child 79(6):528-31

Rones M & Hoagwood K (2000) School-Based Mental Health Services: A Research ReviewClinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 3(4), 223-241

Seminar 7

WIDER SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
III: TELEVISION, VIDEO AND COMPUTERS

Review

Villani S (2001) Impact of media on children and adolescents: a 10-year review of the research. J Amer Acad Child Adol Psychiatry, 40, 392-401.

Anderson C et al (2001) Effects of violent video games on aggressive behaviour, aggressive cognition, physiological arousal and prosocial behaviour: A meta analytic review of scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12, 353-359.

For presentation

  1. Deselms J et al (2003) Immediate and prolonged effects of videogame violence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 33(8), 1553-1563. [games and psychopathology]
  1. Anderson C et al (2003) Exposure to violent media: the effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thought and feelings. Journal of personality and social psychology,84(5), 960-971. [music and adjustment]
  1. Contor J, Wilson B (2003) Media & violence: intervention strategies for reducing aggression, Media Psycholog,y, 5(4), 363-403.
  1. Solan H et al (2003) Effect of attention training on reading comprehension. Journal of Learning Disability, 36(6), 556-563. [therapeutic use}
  1. Sanders MR et al (2000) The mass media and the prevention of child behaviour problems: the evaluation of a television series to promote positive outcomes for parents and their children. JCPP, 41, 939-948. [media and treatment]

Further reading

Newson E (1994) Video violence and the protection of children. J Mental Health, 3, 221-227. [Report prepared for the Home Affairs Committee, House of Lords]

Light P (1997) Annotation: Computers for learning. Psychological Perspectives. JCPP, 38, 497-504

Yam K (2003) Youth & Meida oppurtumities for development or lurking dangers? Children, adolescents and the media. Journal of applied developmental psychology. Speical issue on the impact of the Childrens TV Act on childrens learning. Research monograph and comment? 24(3) 381-387.

Larson R (2001) Children and adolescents in a changing media world. Monographs of the society for research in child development,66(1), 148-154.

Seminar 8

PRIMARY CARE

For Review

Kramer T, Garralda ME (2007) Primary Health Care Psychiatry. Chapter in Rutter’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5th Edition. Editors: Rutter M, Bishop D, Pine, D, Scott S, Stevenson J, Taylor E, Thapar A. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. (In Press)

For Presentation

(1) Bowman F M, Garralda M E (1993) Psychiatric morbidity among children who are frequent attenders in general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 43, 6-9

[epidemiological considerations]

(2) Yates P, Kramer T, Garralda ME (2004) Depressive symptoms amongst

adolescent primary care attenders – Levels and associations. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 588-594

(3) Wren, F. J., Bridge, J. A., & Birmaher, B. (2004). Screening for childhood anxiety symptoms in primary care: integrating child and parent reports. J Am Acad.Child Adolesc Psychiatry., 43, 1364-1371.

(4)Asarnow, J. R., Jaycox, L. H., Duan, N., LaBorde, A. P., Rea, M. M., Murray, P. et al. (2005). Effectiveness of a Quality Improvement Intervention for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care Clinics: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 311-319

(5) Sanci, L., Coffey, C., Patton, G., & Bowes, G. (2005). Sustainability of change with quality general practitioner education in adolescent health: a 5-year follow-up. Med Educ., 39, 557-560.

[4 to 5 primary care interventions]

Further reading

Bradley S, Kramer T, Garralda E, Bower P, Macdonald W, Sibbald B, Harrington R (2003) Child and Adolescent mental health interface work with primary care services: a survey of NHS provider Trusts. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 4, 170-176

Wolpert M & Fredman G (1994) Modelling the referral pathway to mental health services for children. ACPP Review & Newsletter,16 (6), 283-288

Costello EJ et al (1988) Service utilization and psychiatric diagnosis in pediatric primary care: the role of the gatekeeper. Pediatrics, 82, 435-441.

Gledhill J, Kramer T, Iliffe S, Garralda ME (2003) Brief Report: Training general practitioners (GPs) in the identification and management of adolescent depression within the consultation: a feasibility study. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 245-250

Seminar 9

PREVENTION

BEFRIENDING / SELF-HELP

Review

Offord D & Bennett K J (2002) Prevention. In: M. Rutter et al. (eds) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Modern Approaches. 4th Edition. Chapter 52.pp881-899

For Presentation

1.Peters R. et al. (2003) The better beginnings, better futures project: A universal comprehensive, community-based prevention approach for primary school children and their families. Journal of Child Psychiatry & Psychology,32, 215-227.

2Vitaro F et al (1999). Disruptive behaviour, peer association, and conduct disorder: Testing the developmental links through early intervention.

Development & Psychopathology. 11(2), 287-304.

3Shaffer D et al (1991) The impact of curriculum-based suicide prevention programmes for teenagers. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiatry, 30, 588-596.

4Cox A et al (1991) Evaluation of a home visiting and befriending scheme for young mothers: Newpin J Royal Soc Med, 84, 217-220. [benefits of befriending]

5Pynoos RS, Nader K (1990) Mental health disturbances in children exposed to disaster: preventive intervention strategies. In: SE Goldston et al (eds) Preventing Mental Health Disturbances in Childhood. Washington: APA, pp 211-234.

[3-5 prevention of specific disorders and problems]

Further Reading

Gould, M S et al.(2003) Youth Suicide Risk and Preventive Interventions: A Review of the Past 10 Years. American Academy of Childand Adolescent Psychiatry. 42(4)386-405.

Spence, S H et al (2003) Preventing adolescent depression: An evaluation of the Problem Solving For Life program. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 71(1), 3-13.

Andrews G, Szabo M (2002) Preventing major depression in young people. The British Journal of Psychiatry 181, 460-462

Cox A (1994) Preventive aspects of child psychiatry. In: ME Garralda (ed) Managing Children with Psychiatric Problems. London:BMJ.

Seitz V (1990) Intervention programmes for impoverished children: a comparison of educational and family support models. Annals of Child Development, 7, 73-103.

MacMillan HL et al (1994) Primary prevention of child sexual abuse: A critical review. Part I.JCPP, 35(5), 835-856.

MacMillan HL et al (1994) Primary prevention of child physical abuse and neglect: A critical review. Part II. JCPP, 35(5), 857-876.

Noordenbos G (1994) Problems and possibilities of the prevention of eating disorders.

European Eating Disorders Review, 2, 126-142.

Seminar 10

CHILD PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES:

NEEDS, COSTS, AND PROVISION

Review

Harrington RC et al (1999) Developing needs led child and adolescent mental health services: issues and prospects. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 8, 1-10.

Offord DR, Kraemer HC, Kazdin AE, Jensen PS, Harrington R (1998) Lowering the burden of suffering from child psychiatric disorder: trade-offs among clinical, targeted, and universal interventions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37(7), 686-94

For Presentation

1. Maynard A, (1993) Cost management: the economist's viewpoint. B J Psych, 163, Supplement, 20, 7-13.

  1. Scott S, Knapp M, Henderson J, Maughn B (2001) The cost of social exclusion: antisocial children grown up. British Medical Journal, 323, 191-194.

[1-2 on costs of specific disorders]

3. Evans S & Brown R (1993) Perception of need for child psychiatry services among parents and general practitioners. Health Trends, 25, 53-56.

[perceptions of need]

4. Stevens A & Raftery J (1992) The purchasers’ information requirements on mental health needs and contracting for mental health needs and contracting for mental health services. In G Thornicroft , CR Brewin, JK Wing (eds) Measuring Mental Health Needs. London: Gaskell. Pp 42-61.

[information needs]

5 Light, DW, Bailey V (1992) A needs-based purchasing plan for child mental health services. Unpublished.

[Present: 2 sections on packages, pp 24-36, but read all document for context.]

[discusses the process of costing a service]

Further Reading

Knapp M (1997) Economic evaluations and interventions for children and adolescents with mental health problems, JCPP, 38, 3-25.

Romeo R (2006) Economic cost of severe antisocial behaviour in children--And who pays it.

British Journal of Psychiatry, Jun 2006, vol. 188, p. 547-553

Weiss B (1998) Annotation: Routine monitoring of the effectiveness of child psychotherapy