Name ______Period ______Date ______
SS7H2a: Explain how European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict.
How did the Ottoman Empire Start?
After the destruction of ______and the Abbasid Empire by the Mongols in 1290, the ______came into power. It was dominated by the Turks and centered in what is modern-day ______.
The Ottoman state was born on the frontier between ______and the Byzantine Empire. Turkish tribes, driven from their ______in the steppes of Central Asia by the Mongols, had embraced Islam and settled in Anatolia.
The Ottoman ______began to absorb the other states, and during the reign (1451–81) of ______they ended all other local Turkish dynasties.
In the late 14th century, the Ottomans started to use ______(which means “new troops” in Turkish). They were conscripted youths from Christian families in the Balkans. After conscription, they were defined as the ______of the Sultan, and practically all of them converted to ______. They became known for their ______skills.
In 1453, they conquered ______(which had been founded as the capital of all Christendom by Constantine himself), renamed it ______, and made it the capital of their Empire.
Here the leaders are called ______("emperors").
______is a type of government that seeks to increase its size, either by forcing (through war) or influencing (through politics) other countries to ______to their rule (Imperialism, 2013).
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire expanded into southeastern ______(the Balkans and Hungary) and then east and south into ______, ______, and Egypt.
Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman I (nicknamed 'the Magnificent' in Europe and 'the ______' in the Islamic World) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from ______to ______.
While he may have been seen as dangerous to the outside world, he was known as a fair ruler within the empire, fought ______, and was a great supporter of ______and philosophers. He was also noted as one of the greatest Islamic poets.
He earned his nickname the ______ from his complete reconstruction of the Ottoman law system. The laws that he gathered covered almost every aspect of life at the time.
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman died in 1566, the night before victory at the Battle of Szigetvar, in Hungary. He is buried in a mausoleum with his wife Roxelana at the Suleymaniye Mosque.
After rising to its peak under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the Empire gradually began to ______before the increasing technological and industrial might of the European nations.
•Initially, the Ottoman Empire hoped to stay out of ______. However, pressure from European nations (both from friends and enemies) and fear of losing territory pushed the empire into the war.
•The Ottomans ______the war on the side of the ______and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
•The ______and their allieswere______by the Allied Powers led by the British, French, and American armies.
The End of the Ottoman Empire
By the beginning of WWI in 1914, the Ottoman Empire had ______in size. It had weakened because it tried to ______such a huge empire with ______who could not manage to hold on to the territory.
When WWI began, the Ottoman Empire ______to join forces with Germany and Italy ______the rest of Europe and the US. They lost the war, and as a result, the Ottoman Empire was ______, and Ottoman territory was broken up into a number of ______countries in what is now known as the ______.
______country placed under the control of another power by international agreement, typically given independence by a certain date.
______- to divide up a piece of land into separate portions representing different ethnic or religious groups.
______- Carving up the Ottoman Empire
Conflict follows . . .
The European ______who decided where the boundaries of these new countries would be paid ______attention to the ethnic and religious groups who were already living in these areas.
The new ______that were drawn did not take into consideration the concept of ______(the idea that countries are most successful if the people who live there share some common cultural, historic, or religious beliefs).
As a result, there has been a lot of conflict. Many ______groups tried to live together in countries that were created by those who did not realize the ______some of these new boundaries would cause.
The nationalist ______under Ataturk, dedicated to leading Turkey in the direction of secularism and Westernization, abolished the sultanate, declared a republic, and eventually (in 1924) ______the caliphate as well.