DesignSpecifications
LowVoltageActiveHarmonic Filter
1.0GeneralDescription
Thissection contains thedesign standards, general equipmenttypeandconfiguration, components,product description, warrantyand installation requirementsfor activeharmonicmitigation and powerfactor correction, as providedbyanactiveharmonicfilter.Such equipment shall beutilized fortheimprovementofharmonic richenvironments,alongwiththeimprovement ofpowerfactor, inACelectricalpowersystems.
Themanufacturershall havebeen engaged in the engineeringand production of electrical power equipment foraminimumoftenyears.Thefinishedproduct shall be designed,assembled, tested and shipped asacompletesystembythemanufacturer.Equipment finishedinanyothermanneris not acceptable.
2.0SystemandEnvironment
Activefilterequipment and systems shall be suitablefor environments ofeitherindoororoutdoor, intendedas eitherstand-aloneorintegrated with other equipment, such asmotorcontrol centers, switchboards, switchgear and staticswitches, UPSordistributed generation. Equipmentis intended forusewith voltageclassificationsfrom 208 to 480vac. A step-up transformershall beused for voltages above480vac. Equipment shall beusedonthreephase,3 wire, grounded wye, ungrounded wye,ordelta wiresystems at50hzor60hz. Equipment is designed for reliableoperation inambient temperatures of 0 degrees Cto 40 degrees C,up to 3250 feet (1000 meters) abovesealevel,with relativehumidityof95%.Thefinished Electrotek / Enersine ESD33equipment shall be listedto UL508, C-UL.
3.0BasicEquipment Type
TheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33 activeharmonicfilterisanassemblyintendedto monitorthenon-linearload and dynamically correctawidespectrumofharmonic orders. Active filtertechnologyshall utilize powerelectronicsfor its operationandfunctionssuch asswitching,cancellation, injection, monitoringandcontrollingAC and DCpower. Powersemi- conductors shall switch theACpower to modulate and controloutput, which cancelsdetrimental harmonic and/or reactivecurrents.DC buspowershall providestorageforsemiconductorswitching.Semi-conductors shall havecurrent limitingprotection.A microprocessorshallprovidecontrol,monitoringand operationalfunctions forthecomplete activeharmonicfilter apparatus.
Wheninstalled,theactivefiltershallprovide≤5%(TotalDemandDistortion)TDD;≤5% (TotalHarmonic Distortion-Voltage)THDv;andspecificpowerfactorcorrectionvalueatthe load, whereapplicable,whilenot affectingtheloadintheformof aresonancecondition. Correctedcurrent distortion shallinclude all odd orders fromthe3rd throughthe51stharmonicorder.Each harmonicordershall maintainaconsistentand maximum level of performance.
Aresonant condition occurring within the electricalpowersystem betweenthe activefilterand the loadshall notcausethe activefilterto stopfunctioningproperly. Equipment which cannot correct
awideharmonicspectrum and becapableto operatein a resonanceconditionto aminimum ofthe
51st harmonicorderisnot acceptable.
Aconstant, proportional valueofpowerfactorcorrectioncompensation shall beinherent inthe design oftheactivefilter, alongwith thecapabilitytoallow fortheuse ofseparate, additional powerfactorcorrectioncapacitormodules. Activefilters shall operateinfull compensation mode withoutshut-down, shouldadditionalloadsbe added (no overload). Heat loss (watts)shallbe ataminimum.Activeharmonicfilterapparatus that derates harmoniccancellation performancewhena powerfactorcorrection modeisoperationalis not acceptable.The expandabledesignoftheactive filtershall allowforadditional(up to six) activefilters to beinstalledinaparallelarrangement, and alsoallowuseofexistingactivefilterson theelectricalsystem.Placement ofthe equipmentshallbeto mitigatesingle,ormultiple loads, oracompletefacilityload.Theactiveharmonicfiltershall beinstalled at eithertheloadorsourcelocation.Individual ampereratings shall beprovidedat 25 ampere, 50 ampere,100 ampere, 150 ampereand 200 ampere.
Thepower electronicsoftheactivefiltershallbedesigned to operatewellwithin thetolerance oftheintended environment,utilizefancoolingand beproperlyventilated.Powerfuses (Class J),rated at 200kaic, shall beprovided forprotection ofthepowerelectronicIGBT(switched at20khz)modules.Wheninitiallyenergized, the activefilterDCcapacitorcharge-soft start timeshall be10 seconds. Steadystate at 100%stepload(zero amperestoratedcompensation amperes) shall be40ms.
Equipment shall allowforwall mounting(to50 amperes) and free-standing(100 amperes and above) configurations.In addition,and whereintegration isrequired,equipment shall provide incoming, activefilter,capacitor, motorcontrol,orswitchgearsections, whereapplicable. Compartmentsorsections shall besegregated as required.
Theactivefiltershallbe available as athreewire apparatus.Theactivefiltershall includetwo current transformers (CT’s), for connection during installation(phasesA and C),forathreewire connection. Standard“split-coretype”CTsizeshall be2000:1, 20va, 400hz, with 1ms transient responsetimeto detect loadcurrent.
ADSPcontroller, withDiscrete FourierTransform (DFT)algorithm topologyand analysis/calculateperformance responsetimeofminimum 20ms shall beprovided. Controller shall allowforglobalorspecificharmonicordersettings (suchas3rd,5th,7th,9th,11th simultaneously).Controllershall bepositioned onthefront panel ofthe enclosurewithdisplay andkeypadaspart of the activefiltersystemand shall be easilyviewed. Thegraphicdisplayshall be anLCD type, withmultiplefunctionsforoperationandmaintenancecontrol,with 16 lineand 40character capability.Management and control accessto theload, source and Electrotek / Enersine ESD33 datashallbe providedto theuser.
Thedisplayshall provide“man-machine”interface, and analyzer, operatingdatastatus andalarm information,whilefunctioning,andallowtheoperatorto utilizekeypad/scrollingutilities. Parameters availablefordisplay,ataminimum shall include: Graphics displaywithwaveform, measurementsandspectrumdatato the31st order, fourLED indicatorandeight control/keypad utilitiesforOn/Off,Reset (Alarm-Reset),Power “On”indicator, Filteringindicator,Full Correctingindicator,Errorindicator, Confirmation (keypad), DirectionScrolling(keypad), Escape/Cancel(keypad). Ataminimum, AClinevoltage,totalrms current, harmonic current, reactivecurrent, outputharmonicand reactivecurrent ofpower correctionshall bedisplayed values. A totalof (5)fivedrycontacts(250vac/2amp)shallbeprovidedfor remotemonitoring.CommunicationsviaRS232 shall beprovided asstandard.Additionalcommunications forRS422, RS485, USB, TCP/IPand Ethernet RJ45 shall beincluded whereapplicable.Controllers withoutcapabilities as describedaboveare not acceptable.
Theactiveharmonicfiltershallmeet specificperformancestandardsforharmonic mitigation, surgeimmunity, electromagneticcompatibility, design and safety:
IEEE519 /EN61000-3-4Harmonic Mitigation Guidelines
IEEE587/ANSIC62.41/EN61000-4-5SurgeImmunity
FCC Part 15 / EN55011Electromagnetic compatibility UL508, C-UL/EN60146Safety/Design
EN50178VibrationTesting, Safety/Design
4.0 Equipment Specifications and References
A.Lowvoltagepowerdistribution equipment, motor controlcenters, switches switchboards, switchgear, staticswitches,fixed motorloadandswitched power factor correctioncapacitors and harmonicmitigationsystems
B.Mediumvoltageswitchgear, switches andstatictransferswitches
C.Mediumvoltage metalenclosedcapacitorsand harmonicfilters
D.Engine-generator control, distributed generationsystems,parallelingswitchgear
E.Energymanagement andotherpowerqualityequipment and components
A.American NationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)
B.InstituteofElectricalandElectronicEngineers (IEEE)
C.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)
D.UnderwritersLaboratories,Inc (UL)
E.Canadian StandardsAssociation (CSA)
F.InternationalElectromechanicalCommission (IEC)
G.European Standards (EN)
H.NationalElectric Code (NEC)
5.0Submittals
Documentationfor approval or referenceshallbesubmitted inaCAD format.Commoninformation,whereapplicable, shallincludeequipment plan viewandoutline dimensions, activefiltersections, incominglocations,cable entry, main bus,fuse andactive filter ratings,and whereapplicablecapacitor ratings,mountinglocations, and component technical descriptions.
6.0ConstructionGuidelines
Equipmentdesign shall followthemost recent applicablestandards andguidelines and shall serve to meet theintended application requirements.Installation and operationofequipment isfor general business,commercial, industrial, government andenergyorutilityserviceproviders.
The enclosureassemblyshall befrom14-gaugesheet steel, with wallmounted enclosureand freestanding enclosure construction ofbolted design, toallowforease ofexpansion, where applicable. Enclosures shall befinishedwith a texture and painted light gray,orothercolor as specified. The complete assemblyshall bepainted using electrostaticallyapplied polyesterpowder coatedpaint,oraliquidenamel application,both,whichprovides for enhanced durabilityandextendedprotection.
Thefinishedenclosureshall providebothfront andrearaccess viahingeddoors orbolted, removablepanels.Wall mounted enclosuresshall allowforfront access tointernallymounted components.Doorsshall be equipped with alatch-closesystemand includeakeylockable feature, whereapplicable. Hardwareshall beenvironmentallysound; eitherzincplated orstainlesssteel,foroptimumcorrosion resistance.Theentireassemblyshall provideadequatepersonnel safetyand component security. Cable entryshall befromthebottomwith agrounding termination point includedwithin theenclosure. A separatedisconnect means mayberequired byNEC. Liftinglugs shall beprovidedfor transport and to facilitate easeofinstallation ofthefinishedequipment. Suchremovablelugsshallbelocatedatthetop oftheequipment. Equipmentmanufacturedinaccordanceto Electrotek / Enersine.
EnclosuresshallberatedasNEMA 1 orNEMA 12 (indoor) and NEMA3R(outdoor).Where applicable, louvers shall beincludedforproperventilation.Forspecificindoororoutdoor applications,aluminum meshfilters,fan(s)and heater(s)/thermostat(s)shall beincorporated inthe assembly.Thedesignandconstruction integrityofthefinished assemblyshall allow forthe equipmentto belifted,orslidinto place. The“readyto ship”equipment shallmeetstringent, applicableengineeringand design standards andbeneatlyconstructed and finished, meetingall Electrotek / Enersine ESD33 qualityandproduction controlstandards, priorto shipment.
7.0SystemsIntegration
Theactivefiltershallbe compatibletoallowotherpowerqualityrelated componentsand devices to beincorporated, allowingformaximum equipmentprovisions.Where applicable, the equipment shall bedesignedinsuch amannerforsystem and physical integrationormatchandlinewith newor existingpowerdistribution equipment.The activefilteritselfshall besuitablefor mountingin otherpowerdistributionor control equipment, where applicable.ACorDC variable frequencydrive applications shall utilizea3% (minimum impedance)linereactor/isolation transformer, whereapplicable.
8.0TestingandSafety
Theequipment shallbeproduction tested, priortoshipment.Thiswillinclude,at a minimum, mechanicalfunctionaloperation, electricalfunctionaloperation,controlwiring andcircuit continuity, andpolarityverification.Major electrical, electronic, and mechanical componentsand devices integralto theequipment shall includetestingreports and technicalinformationandother such data, whereapplicable.
Amanualforthepurposeofoperation and maintenanceinstruction shall beincludedwiththe finishedequipment.
Thefinishedequipment shall includenameplates,labels,and otherdecals,providing applicablesafetyandgeneraloperationinstruction.Such markings shall bevisually accessible andconvenientlylocated both internallyandexternally.
9.0Equipment Documentation
Thefinishedequipment shall beprovided with design andconstruction documentationas a minimum:
Physical dimension data, outline/plan elevation drawings, general component layout and technical information, weight and installation detail.
Singlelineand threelinedrawings (whereapplicable) Controlschematicand controlprogram(whereapplicable) Component BillofMaterials
Operations and MaintenanceInstructions
10.0 Equipment Installation
Correct installation isrequired forproperperformanceandfunctionoftheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33 activefilter. Physical inspectionof equipmentfordamage isrecommended, prior to anyinstallation. Indoor storageforindoorandoutdoorrated equipmentshould bein a clean,dryenvironment, and where recommended,mayrequireremoval ofpackagingmaterials.
Outdoorstorageofoutdoor equipment shall require installation of anymaterials shipped
for siteassembly, suchas fans and busducts and thematingof equipment shippingsplits.Where recommended, packagingmaterialsmayberequired tobe removed.
Equipment includes removableliftinglugs, fortransport and siteinstallationhandling. As acautionary note, placement oftheactivefiltershall be atalevel and solid location, for correct operation.
NationalElectricalCode(NEC),electricutilitycompanyorserviceprovidercodesshallbeadheredtoduringtheinstallation.Electrical connections shallalsobein compliancewithrequiredcodes.
Installer/Contractorshallinspect and verifyproperalignment, anchorageand ground, proper connections and tightnessofconnections,priorto anystart-upfunctions.
Appropriatepersonnelshallstart-up and operateequipmentupon installationapproval. Thismay alsoincludeuseofportablemeasuringdevicesoranalyzersto verifyperformanceoftheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33 activefilter.
Section 2
2-1. Operational Guidelines
Electrotek / Enersine ESD33 is a solid-state power converter that brings about the following advantages:
—Eliminate allharmonic currents fromnon-linear loads.
—Compensate reactivepower factoroflaggingloads.
—Act as avirtual damping resistor toprevent possible harmonic resonance.
Electrotek / EnersineESD33 behaveslikeaharmonicscurrentgenerator.Electrotek / EnersineESD33 willmeasure theharmonicsgeneratedfromthenon-linearloadsandcanceltheseharmonicswithanewly generated,oppositephaseshiftedharmonicscurrentofthesameamplitude.Bycancellingthe harmonic currentsin the circuit, therewillbe
(1)Norisk ofharmonicresonance;
(2)Significantlyreducethe voltage waveform distortion;
(3) Reduced voltages drop ontransformerscables;
(4)Reduced temperaturesriseon transformerscables;
(5)Improved power factor.
2-2.Components ofElectrotek / EnersineESD33
Electrotek / Enersine ESD33 provides3phaseharmoniccurrentcompensations,andthemain components of theAPFareas follow:
—1 set of Ripple Current Filter module. Its main function is to absorb the high frequencyripplecurrentand compensate specificamountof reactivepower.
—1setofElectromagneticContactormoduleforsoft-starting.Ithelpstolimitthe amplitudeof theinrush current when DCcapacitor set is charging.
—1 set of High Frequency Inductor-Capacitor module. It acts as the power transmissioninterfacecomponentbetweenpowerconverterandpowersystem.
—1 set of IGBT Power Converter module. This istotransform the harmonics energyfromtheconnectedpowersystemandre-generateanequalbutoppositephase shiftedharmoniccurrentback to thepowersystem.Thisre-generatedenergywill cancel theharmonics produced bythe power system.
—1setofDCCapacitormodulewhichstoreenergytakenfromthepowersystembefore theIGBTConverter canuse it to re-generate theoppositephaseshifted
compensatingharmonic current.
cd
456
7
3
cPower Breaker-Switch dHigh-Speed Fuse
3RippleCurrent FilterModule
4Soft-start ElectromagneticContactor Module
5HighFrequency Inductor-CapacitorModule
6IGBTPower ConverterModule
7DC CapacitorModule
2-3.BriefDescription ofComponents
Thissectiondescribestheworkingprinciples of themain components insideElectrotek / Enersine ESD33.
2- 4 RippleCurrent FilterModule
TheRippleCurrentFilterisshunt-connectedattheoutputterminalsoftheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33. Itsmain functionistoabsorbhighfrequencyripplecurrentandprovidespecificamountof reactivepowercompensation.Its main components consistof the following:
(1)Parallel/Series link resonancefilter.
(2) Over-current protection relay(OL1).
(3) Abnormal trip control device.
Underthe normal workingcondition,Ripple CurrentFilter will also providepartial reactivepowerfactor to improvelaggingpower factor.
TheOver-CurrentProtectionRelay(OL1)isincorporatedtoprotecttheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33. IntheeventwhentheIGBTPowerConverterismalfunction,itmaygeneratealargeamount ofhighfrequencycurrent driftingintotheRippleCurrentFilter.ThiswillcausetheOver- Current Protection Relay to trip, thus shutting down the APF system to prevent further
damageto the entireAPFsystem.
2- 5 SoftStartElectromagneticContactorModule
ThemainfunctionofthismoduleistoinhibitinrushcurrentwhenDCcapacitormoduleischarging.WhenthevoltageoftheDCcapacitorreachesitsdefaultvalue,theElectrotek / Enersine ESD33willthenbeswitchedon toitsnormaloperatingmode. Themaincomponents forSoftStartElectromagneticContactorareasfollowings:
(1)Current-limitingResistor.
(2) ElectromagneticContactor.
ThismoduleinhibitstheinrushcurrentgoingthroughtheIGBTPowerConverterinto the DC capacitor module within a certain level, while closing the powerbreak-switch.AfterswitchingontheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33, theElectromagneticContactorwillclosetomaketheIGBTPowerConvertertrulyconnectedwiththepowersystemand
bypassesthecurrent-limitingresistor.
2-6HighFrequencyInductor-CapacitorModule
TheInductor Capacitor are the power transmission interface componentsbetween the IGBT Power Converter and the connected power system. It alsocompensates thereactivepowerforthelagging powerfactor.
Themaincomponentsof theHighFrequencyInductor-CapacitorModuleare：
(1)Highfrequencyresponseinductor.
(2) High frequencyresponsecapacitor.
(3) Currenttransformer.
Thecurrenttransformerisusetofeedbacktheharmoniccompensatingcurrenttoacontrol circuit, this will allow the Electrotek / Enersine ESD33 to performance a high-speedcompensation andensureacurrent-limitiftheharmonics energyexceededitscapacity.
2-7IGBTPowerConverterModule
The IGBTPowerConverteristhemajorarchitectureoftheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33 inthecancellationoftheharmoniccurrent(ILh)generatedbytheconnectednon-linearload.TheIGBTPowerConvertermakeuseofthis harmonicenergy(ILh)as aninitialpower,toproduceanoppositephaseshiftedharmoniccurrentwaveform(IE).Thiswaveformisthen re-injectedinto the connectedpower system to cancel the existing harmonics distortions(ILh),ensuringanearperfectsinewaveform(Is)returningtothePowerMains.
Themaincomponentsof theIGBTPowerConverterModuleare:
(1) IGBTsbridge
(2)Drivercircuit
(3)Snubbers
TheelectronicsbridgeofthepowerconverterismadeupofIsolatedGateBipolarTransistor(IGBT)andutilizesPulseWidthModulation (PWM)technologytodrivetheIGBTstoproducecompensatingcurrentwaveform.Built-inSnubbersareusewiththeIGBTforprotectionfromspikeswhen thePowerConverterisin operation.
2- 8DCCapacitorModule
DCCapacitorModulestorestheenergy(ILh )generatedbytheconnectedpowersystem,tobeusebytheIGBT PowerConverter forre-generationoftheoppositephaseshiftedcompensatingharmoniccurrent waveform(IE).ThestoringandreleasingofenergyoftheDCCapacitorModuleiselectricallycontrolbytheIGBTPowerConverter.
TheDCCapacitorModuleismadeupofaspecificnumbersofsimilarratingDC
capacitorsconnectedelectricallyinparallel.
1- 4.SystemStructure Schematic Diagrams
Drawing1-1Electrotek / Enersine ESD33SystemStructureSchematicDiagram
3- 0CharacteristicsSpecifications
3- 1-1GeneralCharacteristics
Equipmentstoragetemperature / -20ºCto +70ºC
OperatingTemperature / +12ºCto+25ºC(RecommendRange),+0ºCto+40ºC(Tolerate
Range)
RelativeHumidity / 95%
OperatingAltitude / 1000m
ReferenceHarmonic Standard / EN61000-3-4,IEEE519-1992
ReferenceDesign Standard / EN60146
SafetyStandard / EN50178
ElectromagneticCompatibility / EN55011,EN50081-2,EN61000-4-2,EN61000-4-3, EN61000-4-4,EN61000-4-5,EN61000-4-6,EN61000-6-2
3- 1-2ElectricalSpecification
Category / Unit / 25A / 50A / 100A / 150A / 200ALineVoltage / V / 208/380/400/480±15%
Phase/Wires / ES33seriesfor3 phase3wires
Frequency / Hz / 50/60±3
CompensatingCurrentin
Phase / Arms / 25 / 50 / 100 / 150 / 200
TransientResponseTime（2） / msec / 1
InrushCurrent / Lessthanratedcurrent
CurrentLimitation / Yes,at fullcorrecting
SoftStart / Sec / 10
Heat-losses / Watt / 550 / 950 / 2000 / 3000 / 4100 / 2000 / 3000 / 4100
AudibleNoisefrom1 Meter / dBA / 60 / 60 / 63 / 63 / 65
3-1-3MechanicalSpecification
Category / Unit / 25A / 50A / 100A / 150A / 200AColor / RAL9001
ProtectionIndex / IP20
Dimensions
(Wx D x H) / ES33series / mm / 410x390x 880 / 600x810x 1930 / 1200x810x1930
Weight / ES33series / kg / 55 / 70 / 230 / 260 / 430
(1)It isthetotaltimefromdetectiontosteadycompensationat100%steploadislessthan40msec.
4- 0CompensationAbility
TheCompensationabilityoftheElectrotek / Enersine ESD33 isdefinedintermofHarmonicAttenuationRatio(HAR).
HAR= ILh/ISh
HAR:Harmonicattenuationratio
ILh:Harmoniccurrentatloadside
ISh:Harmoniccurrentatpowersourceside
IShIE
ESD33
5-0Equipment Warranty
The manufacturer shall provide its standard warranty for equipment of this type. The warranty shall provide for repair of replacement of the equipment, should it be found to be defective within twelve months from the date shipment.
Approved Supplier:
Electrotek Ltd.
1016 34 AV SE
Calgary, AB T2G 1V4
Tel: 403 287 2200
(1 800 404 9114)