Spain S Empire and European Absolutism

Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

Powerful Spanish Empire

•Following Charles V’s death, he leaves Holy Roman Empire and Austria to his brother Ferdinand and leaves Netherlands, Spain, and American colonies to his son Philip II

Philip II’s Empire

•When the king of Portugal died in 1580, ______assumed his territories(his nephew)land in Africa, India, and E. Indies

•Spain found much wealth in precious ______, and the king (Philip) got a percentage of the profit.

•This wealth allowed the Spanish to recruit an army of around ______

Defender of Catholicism

•When Philip takes over the throne, there were religious wars still rippling from the ______

•______- campaign to drive Muslims out of Spain (64)

•Philip thought it was his duty to protect ______against Protestants and Muslims

•On the pope’s orders, Philip II sends more than 200 Spanish Venetian ships to defeat the ______

•In 1588, he sends a Spanish armada to England to punish Elizabeth and her people for supporting ______

•Philip II was very religious, and strongly supports ______

Golden Age of Spanish Art and Literature

•The wealth Spain had allowed more than just military strength; monarchs and nobles were able to become ______of the arts also

El Greco and Velazquez

•______(The Greek) was born in Crete, but grew up in Spain

•His art was unique  clashing colors and distorted the human body. He also painted ______(Catholic) figures

•______painted the pride of the Spanish monarchy nearly 50 years after El Greco

•Was the ______of Philip IV

•Also known for using brilliant colors

Don Quixote

•______was the first real European novel

•His book discusses a ______who went ______after reading books about ______and chivalry

Spanish Empire Weakens

•The gold coming from the America’s made Spain temporarily wealthy, but led to long term problems

______

•caused by a growing population in Spain, and an increasing amount of silver flooding the market

•Spain lost many artisans and businessmen because they were expelled (Muslims and Jews)

•In addition, Spain’s nobles didn’t pay ______causing the lower classes to bear it  led to no ______because lower classes couldn’t start their own businesses

______

•Guilds still dominated business in Spain

•These guilds kept Spanish goods ______, so consumers found a cheaper source

•In addition, Spain had to buy most of what they needed from England, France, and Netherlands  Spain’s wealth was dumped right into their ______pockets

•To finance wars, Spanish governments borrowed money from German and Italian ______who were repaid in silver

______

•Philip raised taxes on the middle class in the Netherlands

•In response, Protestant (Calvanist) mobs swept through Catholic ______

•In 1568, Philip sent an army to crush the rebellion and in one day killed ______

•They fought for 11 more years, and in ______the Dutch princes declared their ______from Spain

Independent Dutch Proper

•Different than the rest of Europe in that they: were religiously tolerant, were a republic rather than a kingdom

Dutch Art

•Some of the best artists emerged in Europe emerged in the 1600’s, and many merchants sponsored these artists

•______was the greatest of the period

•He used ______to draw attention to his focus

•Painted the middle class (______)

•______worked with contrast also

•He painted ______doing normal activities such as pouring milk from a jug or reading a letter

•these two artists symbolize how important ______and the ______were in 17th century Netherlands

Dutch Trading Empire

•The Dutch stored ______they bought from Poland, and in times of famine in Europe they would sell this grain while prices were ______

•Had the largest ______fleet (4,800 ships in 1636)

•They created the ______, which benefitted from Asian spice trade, and ______.

•Dutch eventually replace Italians as the European ______

Absoutism in Europe

•While Philip lost his hold in the Netherlands, he was still a strong leader who controlled every aspect of the empire

The Theory of Absolutism

•An absolute monarch is a king or a queen who holds ______within their territory

•Absolute monarchs typically claim “______”

Growing Power of Europe’s Monarchs

•Decline of ______, growth of ______, and growth of ______all helped centralize power

•The growing middle classes began to support absolute monarchs because these monarchs promise ______

Crises Leads to Abolutism

•Religious and territorial conflict led continuously to ______

•Governments had to build larger armies, which had to be funded by the______

•These economic pressures led to ______and ______

•To help contain the unrest, monarchs tried to expand their already immense power by ruling over everything

•Absolute monarchs created ______to control their country’s economic life

•Their goal was to free themselves from limitations that the ______brings as well as rep. bodies like ______

leads to absolute monarchs such as ______of France