Solve the Following Problems on Lined Paper; Set up Each Problem Carefully, Labeling All

SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS ON LINED PAPER; SET UP EACH PROBLEM CAREFULLY, LABELING ALL ANSWERS WITH UNITS AND USING APPROPRIATE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

2 H2O2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g)

1. The mass of an aqueous solution of H2O2 is 6.951 g. The H2O2 in the solution decomposes completely according to the reaction represented above. The O2(g) produced is collected in an inverted graduated tube over water at 23.4°C and has a volume of 182.4 mL when the water levels inside and outside of the tube are the same. The atmospheric pressure in the lab is 762.6 torr, and the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at 23.4°C is 21.6 torr.

(a) Calculate the partial pressure, in torr, of O2(g) in the gas-collection tube. 741.0 torr

(b) Calculate the number of moles of O2(g) produced in the reaction. 7.308 x 10-3 mol

(d) Calculate the percent of H2O2 , by mass, in the original 6.951 g aqueous sample. 7.149 %

(e) Write the oxidation number of the oxygen atoms in H2O2 and the oxidation number of the oxygen atoms in O2 in the appropriate cells in the table below.

Substance / Oxidation Number
of Oxygen Atoms
H2O2 / 1-
O2 / 0

(f) Write the balanced oxidation half-reaction for the reaction.

H2O2  O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e-

2. A rigid 8.20 L flask contains a mixture of 2.50 moles of H2, 0.500 mol of O2, and sufficient Ar so that the partial pressure of Ar in the flask is 2.00 atm. The temperature is 127oC.

a)Calculate the total pressure in the flask. 14.0 atm

b)Calculate the mole fraction of H2 in the flask. .714

c)Calculate the density (in g/L) of the mixture in the flask. 5.00 g/L

The mixture in the flask is ignited by a spark, and the reaction represented below occurs until one of the reactants is entirely consumed.

2 H2(g) + O2(g)  2 H2O (g)

d) Give the mole fraction of all species present in the flask at the end of the reaction.

O2 = 0Ar = .167H2 = .500H2O = .333

3. A rigid 5.00 L cylinder contains 24.5 g of N2(g) and 28.0 g of O2(g).

a) Calculate the total pressure, in atm, of the gas mixture in the cylinder at 298 K. 8.56 atm

b) The temperature of the gas mixture in the cylinder is decreased to 280 K. Calculate each of the following.

(i) the mole fraction of N2(g) in the cylinder .500

(ii) the partial pressure, in atm, of N2(g) in the cylinder 4.0 atm

c) If the cylinder develops a pinhole-sized leak and some of the gaseous mixture escapes, would the ratio moles of N2(g) in the cylinder increase, decrease, or remain the same? Justify your

moles of O2(g)

answer.N2 effuses faster – ratio decreases

A different rigid 5.00 L cylinder contains 0.176 mol of NO(g) at 298 K. A 0.176 mol sample of O2(g) is added to the cylinder, where a reaction occurs to produce NO2(g).

d)Write the balanced equation for the reaction 2 NO + O2 2 NO

e)Calculate the total pressure, in atm, in the cylinder at 298 K after the reaction is complete.

1.29 atm

4. A mixture of H2(g), O2(g), and 2 milliliters of H2O(l) is present in 0.500-liter rigid container at 25 °C. The number of moles of H2 and the number of moles of O2 are equal. The total pressure is 1,146 millimeters of mercury. (The equilibrium vapor pressure of pure water is 24 millimeters mercury.)

The mixture is sparked, and H2 and O2 react until one reactant is completely consumed.

(a) Identify the reactant remaining and calculate the number of moles of the reactant remaining.

O2 remains  7.54 x 10-3 moles

(b) Calculate the total pressure in the container at the conclusion of the reaction if the final temperature is 90 °C. (The equilibrium vapor pressure of water at 90 °C is 526 millimeters mercury.) 868 mmHg

0.0116 moles

5. Observations about real gases can be explained at the molecular level according to the kinetic molecular theory of gases and ideas about intermolecular forces. Explain how each of the following observations can be interpreted according to these concepts, including how the observation supports the correctness of these theories.

(a) When a gas-filled balloon is cooled, it shrinks in volume; this occurs no matter what gas is originally placed in the balloon. T then KE - less collisions with sides of container

(b) When the balloon described in part (a) is cooled further, the volume does not become zero; rather, the gas becomes a liquid or solid. Molecules have volume and attractive forces

(c) When NH3 gas is introduced at one end of a long tube while HCl gas is introduced simultaneously at the other end, a ring of white ammonium chloride is observed to form in the tube after a few minutes. This ring is closer to the HCl end of the tube than the NH3 end.

Constant motion, same KE. HCl mass  to velocity ↑

(d) A flag waves in the wind. Molecules transfer energy to flag during collisions

Represented above are five identical balloons, each filled to the same volume at 25°C and 1.0 atmosphere pressure with the pure gas indicated.

(a) Which balloon contains the greatest mass of gas? Explain. CO2 – greatest molar mass, all have same # of molecules

(b) Compare the average kinetic energies of the gas molecules in the balloons. Explain. KE equal – all at same temp

(c) Which balloon contains the gas that would be expected to deviate most from the behavior of an ideal gas? Explain. CO2 - more e- - greater dispersion forces

(d) Twelve hours after being filled, all the balloons have decreased in size. Predict which balloon will be the smallest. Explain your reasoning.

He – effuses with greatest rate due to lowest molar mass