SNC 2D - FINAL EXAM REVIEW – JAN 2013

CHEMISTRY REVIEW

  1. Explain the differences between the two types of bonding: ionic and covalent. Make sure to include differences in structure, bonding, types of atoms involved, and properties.
  2. Show bonding for:
  3. CaCl2
  4. H2O
  5. Al2P3
  6. NH3
  7. Name the following compounds:
  8. NaCl
  9. Mg3(PO4)2
  10. P2O5
  11. H2SO4
  12. Cu(OH)2
  13. Give the chemical formula for the following names:
  14. Calcium nitrate
  15. Iron (III) chloride
  16. Hydrofluoric acid
  17. Sulphur trioxide
  18. Gold (I) sulphate
  19. What is the different between chemical and physical change? How can we tell if a chemical change has occurred?
  20. Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass.
  21. What are the four different types of reactions studied? Give an example of each type.
  22. Indicate the type of reaction, give the products formed (if required) and balance the following reactions.
  23. ____ Mg(OH)2  ____ MgO + ____ H2Otype: ______
  1. ____ Cl2 + ____NaBr  ____ Br2 + ____ NaCl

type: ______

  1. ____ Cu(ClO3)2 + ____ CaF2 ______+ ______

type: ______

  1. ____ SrCl2 + ____ Na  ______+ ______

type: ______

  1. ____ N2 + ____ H2 ____ NH3type: ______
  1. What are the differences between acids and bases?

Property / ACIDS / BASES
Ion Present in Solution
Reactivity with metals
Electrical conductivity
Taste
Feel
pH range
  1. What is a neutralization reaction? Give a generalized equation and an example. What type of reaction is a neutralization reaction?
  2. What are the four factors that affect a chemical reaction? Explain each one.

CLIMATE CHANGE REVIEW

  1. Explain how wind is created.
  2. Explain the jet stream and how it is formed.
  3. What is thermohaline circulation? How is it formed? What effect does this have?
  4. Describe the difference between climate and weather.
  5. Describe how climate factors can impact on the weather & climate of a region.
  6. What are the 4 parts of the Biosphere? Explain how each works to transfer the sun’s energy around the earth.
  7. What is a carbon sink? Give an example.
  8. Explain the albedo effect using examples.
  9. Put the five layers of the earth’s atmosphere in order, starting closest to the earth.
  10. Explain the Greenhouse Effect.
  11. What is the evidence that Climate Change is occurring?
  12. Complete the table.

GG / Where it’s comes from
Water Vapour
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ozone
Nitrous Oxide

PHYSICS REVIEW

1.How would you explain how to find the virtual image of an object in a plane mirror using this diagram?

  1. What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image?
  2. What does SALT stand for? How does it help you describe the properties of an image?

4.Complete the table for an object placed in a converging mirror.

OBJECT / IMAGE
Location / Size / Attitude / Location / Type
beyond C
at C
between C and F
inside F

5.Is it possible to make an incandescent light bulb as efficient as a CFL by using a different material for the filament? Why or why not?

6.Your friend claims that light travels at a speed of 3 x 105 km/sec and never changes. You disagree. How can you show that light can travel at different speeds?

7.How are the rules for locating an image in a diverging mirror different from those for a converging mirror?

8.Draw the image that would result from this reflection in a diverging mirror.

9.Use the diagram to explain what happens to light rays that come from water into air.

10.You have determined the speed of light through a certain crystal. How would you calculate the crystal’s index of refraction?

11.Compare and contrast what happens when a light ray travelling through a pond strikes the surface at an angle (1) less than the critical angle of water, (2) equal to the critical angle of water, and (3) greater than the critical angle of water.

12.Create a table that compares the SALT (size, attitude, location, and type) characteristics for a converging lens for objects placed:

(a) beyond 2F’(b) at 2F’(c) between 2F’ and F’

(d) at F’(e) inside F’

13.Explain the rules of imaging for converging lenses.

14.Explain the rules of imaging for diverging lenses.

15.Show where the image will appear. Is the image real or virtual? Inverted or upright?

BIOLOGY REVIEW

Match each organelle with the correct location in the drawing below.

a. / nucleus / f. / endoplasmic reticulum
b. / nuclear membrane / g. / vacuole
c. / cytoplasm / h. / ribosome
d. / cell membrane / i. / mitochondrion
e. / Golgi body

Short Answer

10.How are osmosis and simple diffusion similar?

11.What does mitosis accomplish within the cell?

12.Describe what typically occurs during the longest stage of the cell cycle for most cells, interphase.

13.What are the major differences between plant cells and animal cells discussed in this chapter?

14.What type of cell is shown? How do you know?

15.Describe the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis. Explain any tips that help you remember the difference.

16.What will be true of the DNA in every normal cell within an organism? Explain.

17.Describe the difference between diffusion and osmosis.

18.Describe the difference(s) between asexual and sexual reproduction.

19.What are the four phases of mitosis, in order?

20.Describe what happens in the system shown on the right.

21.Describe the process of food digestion, from start to finish.

22.Generalize what occurs in the diagram below. Include in your description the name and function of the yellow part of the system.

23.What have you learned about the system shown below? Describe the structure and function of this system.

24.Explain why plants do not need to go in search of food.

25.Compare and contrast the two types of vascular tissues found in plants, xylem and phloem.

26.Describe the two main body systems of plants. Include in your description the general function of each system.

27.Summarize why a bumble bee flying from one flower to another to drink nectar is important to a plant.

28.What link do scientists hypothesize there might be between the number of plants on Earth and globalwarming?

  • Review all tests and test reviews as well. Each unit in the textbook has an end of unit review and self-quiz.

BIO

Answer Section

MATCHING

1.ANS:CPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

2.ANS:EPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

3.ANS:DPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

4.ANS:IPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

5.ANS:GPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

6.ANS:APTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

7.ANS:BPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

8.ANS:FPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

9.ANS:HPTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.3MSC:What Do You Remember?

SHORT ANSWER

10.ANS:

They both proceed from an area of higher concentration to one of a lower concentration.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:2.3 The Importance of Cell Division

LOC:B2.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

11.ANS:

The contents of the nucleus are divided.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:2.5 The Cell Cycle

LOC:B3.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

12.ANS:

Interphase is the stage where all of the cell’s life activities occur except division. It is not a resting stage for the cell.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:2.5 The Cell Cycle

LOC:B3.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

13.ANS:

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, whereas animal cells do not. Plant cells typically contain a single, large vacuole.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

14.ANS:

It is a plant cell because it contains a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a singular, large vacuole.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

LOC:B2.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

15.ANS:

Mitosis is the stage in which the contents of the nucleus divide. Cytokinesis is the stage where the rest of the cell divides into two daughter cells. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Cytokinesis is easy to remember as the phase where the cytoplasm (rest of the cell outside the nucleus) divides.

PTS:1OBJ:2.5 The Cell CycleLOC:B3.1

MSC:Reflect on Your Learning

16.ANS:

It will be identical. Every organism began with one cell and divided. Every division creates daughter cells with identical DNA.

PTS:1REF:T/IOBJ:2.5 The Cell Cycle

LOC:B3.2MSC:What Do You Understand?

17.ANS:

Diffusion is the transport mechanism for the movement of chemicals in and out of the cell. Osmosis is the movement of water in and out of the cell.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:2.3 The Importance of Cell Division

LOC:B2.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

18.ANS:

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring that are exact genetic copies of the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two cells from two different parents in which half the DNA from each parent is passed to the offspring.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:2.3 The Importance of Cell Division

LOC:B2.1MSC:What Do You Understand?

19.ANS:

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

PTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:2.5 The Cell Cycle

LOC:B3.1MSC:What Do You Remember?

20.ANS:

Answers may vary. Sample answer: The diagram is demonstrating the circulatory system. Blood receives oxygen from the lungs and is pumped back through the heart and throughout the body in arteries. Capillaries receive the oxygenated blood and take it to the organs and other tissues. Oxygen is taken out of the blood and used by the body. The capillaries return the deoxygenated blood to veins, which carry it back to the heart and lungs to receive oxygen again. The cycle is continuous.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:3.4 The Circulatory System

LOC:B3.4MSC:What Do You Understand?

21.ANS:

Food is taken in through the mouth, where chewing and saliva begin the digestive process. The food is swallowed and passed into the esophagus, where it is moved slowly along by smooth muscle. It is moved into the stomach, where it is saturated with digestive enzymes and acid. Then the food is moved into the intestines, where the digestible food is absorbed and carried to other parts of the body. The undigested food is moved into the colon, where the water is absorbed out of it and the rest is excreted as waste through the anus.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:3.3 The Digestive System

LOC:B3.4MSC:What Do You Understand?

22.ANS:

Messages in the form of electrical impulses are sent from the brain to the muscle, travelling from nerve cell to nerve cell. The yellow parts are the pathways, called axons, that the electrical impulses travel along. They are covered with the myelin sheath, which acts as an insulator as the impulses travel.

PTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:3.10 The Nervous System

LOC:B3.5MSC:Solve a Problem

23.ANS:

The respiratory system brings oxygen in through the mouth and the nasal cavity. Unless swallowing, the epiglottis remains open so that the air can enter the trachea and travel to the lungs. The lungs send the oxygen into alveoli, which are attached to capillaries. The capillaries diffuse the oxygen into red blood cells while diffusing carbon dioxide back into the lungs. The lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide up through the trachea and out through the mouth and nasal cavity.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:3.6 The Respiratory System

LOC:B3.4MSC:What Do You Understand?

24.ANS:

Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:4.1 Systems in Plants

LOC:B3.4MSC:What Do You Understand?

25.ANS:

Xylem is the vascular tissue that carries the water and minerals absorbed in the roots to the stems and leaves. It uses dead, hollow, elongated cells to transport the water and minerals upward through the plant. Phloem carries the food produced in photosynthesis throughout the plant. It uses living, elongated cells to transport the food throughout the plant (both up and down).

PTS:1REF:COBJ:4.2 Plant Tissue Systems

LOC:B3.4MSC:Create and Evaluate

26.ANS:

The two main body systems of plants are the root and the shoot systems. The root system is the part of the plant that typically grows below ground. The root system anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and stores food. The shoot system is the system that is specialized for two main functions: to conduct photosynthesis and to produce flowers for sexual reproduction. The shoot systems of flowering plants are made up of three parts—the leaf, the flower, and the stem—which all have distinctive functions.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:4.1 Systems in Plants

LOC:B3.5MSC:What Do You Understand?

27.ANS:

The bee spreads pollen, which allows the plant to reproduce.

PTS:1REF:T/IOBJ:4.1 Systems in Plants

LOC:B3.4MSC:Create and Evaluate

28.ANS:

Global warming may be caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Scientists hypothesize that if there are more plants to photosynthesize, this will increase the amount of carbon dioxide that is changed to oxygen.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:4.4 Tissues Working Together

LOC:B3.4MSC:Create and Evaluate

rev

Answer Section

SHORT ANSWER

1.ANS:

Sample answer: I would draw a series of object-to-mirror lines on the left side of the mirror that were perpendicular to the mirror. On the right side of the mirror I would draw image-to-mirror lines that were congruent to the lines above. Then I would use the lines to draw the virtual image.

PTS:1OBJ:11.7 Images in Plane Mirrors LOC:E3.3

MSC:Reflect on Your Learning

2.ANS:

A real image is formed where light rays actually converge, which means it can be formed on a paper screen placed at that location. A virtual image is formed where light rays appear to be, usually behind the mirror, which means they cannot be formed on a paper screen placed there.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors

LOC:E3.3MSC:What Do You Understand?

3.ANS:

SALT stands for Size, Attitude, Location, and Type. Size tells you the relative size of the image compared to the object. Attitude signifies whether the image is upright or inverted. Location tells where the image is located with respect to C, F, and V. Type tells whether the image is real or virtual. These attributes precisely identify what the image is and where it is located.

PTS:1OBJ:11.7 Images in a Plane MirrorLOC:E3.2

MSC:Reflect on Your Learning

4.ANS:

OBJECT / IMAGE
Location / Size / Attitude / Location / Type
beyond C / smaller / inverted / between C and F / real
at C / same / inverted / at C / real
between C and F / larger / inverted / beyond C / real
inside F / larger / upright / behind mirror / virtual

PTS:1REF:COBJ:11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors

LOC:E3.3MSC:What Do You Understand?

5.ANS:

No; By definition, the filament of an incandescent bulb gives off light because it is hot. An incandescent light source will always produce more heat than light.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:11.2 How Is Light Produced?

LOC:E3.1MSC:Create and Evaluate

6.ANS:

Shine white light through a prism. The white light separates into colours because the colours travel at different speeds, all slower than 3 x 105 km/sec.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:11.1 What Is Light?

LOC:E3.1MSC:Create and Evaluate

7.ANS:

The rules are the same except for the fact that F is now a virtual focus, located behind the mirror, rather than an actual focus in front of the mirror.

PTS:1REF:T/IOBJ:11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors

LOC:E3.3MSC:Create and Evaluate

8.ANS:

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:11.9 Images in Curved Mirrors

LOC:E3.3MSC:Solve a Problem

9.ANS:

Sample answer: The refractive index of water is 1.33, and the refractive index of air is 1. Because the refractive index of water is greater, when a light ray moves from water into air, it is refracted away from the normal.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:12.5 Total Internal Reflection

LOC:E3.7MSC:What Do You Understand?

10.ANS:

I would divide the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed I determined in the crystal.

PTS:1REF:AOBJ:12.4 The Index of Refraction

LOC:E2.6MSC:What Do You Understand?

11.ANS:

Sample answer: When the angle is less than the critical angle of water, the light ray will emerge from the water bent away from the normal, closer to the surface of the pond. When the angle is equal to the critical angle, the light ray will be refracted along the surface of the pond. When the angle is greater than the critical angle, the light ray will be reflected back down into the water.

PTS:1REF:K/UOBJ:12.5 Total Internal Reflection

LOC:E3.4MSC:Create and Evaluate

12.ANS:

Object Location / Size / Attitude / Location / Type
beyond 2F’ / smaller / inverted / between 2F and F / real
at 2F’ / same / inverted / 2F / real
between 2F’ and F’ / larger / inverted / beyond 2F / real
at F’ / no image / no image / no image / no image
inside F’ / larger / upright / same as object / virtual

PTS:1REF:COBJ:13.1 Lenses and the Formation of Images

LOC:E3.5MSC:Create and Evaluate

13.ANS:

A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted through the principal focus.

A ray through the secondary principal focus is refracted parallel to the principal axis.

A ray through the optical centre continues straight through without being refracted.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:13.3 Images in Lenses

LOC:E3.5MSC:What Do You Understand?

14.ANS:

A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted as if it had come through the principal focus.

A ray that appears to pass through the secondary principal focus is refracted parallel to the principal axis.

A ray through the optical centre continues straight through on its path.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:13.3 Images in Lenses

LOC:E3.5MSC:What Do You Understand?

15.ANS:

The image is real and inverted.

PTS:1REF:COBJ:13.1 Lenses and the Formation of Images

LOC:E3.5MSC:What Do You Remember?