Reservoir forRoseomonas infections
Skin microbiota is the main reservoir of Roseomonas mucosa,
an emerging opportunistic pathogen so far assumed to be environmental
Sara Romano-Bertrand§, Alice Bourdier, Fabien Aujoulat, Anne-Laure Michon, Agnès Masnou, Sylvie Parer,
Hélène Marchandin, Estelle Jumas-Bilak
§UMR 5569 Hydrosciences, Equipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15, Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Tel: +33 4 11 75 94 30; Fax: +33 4 11 75 94 63; e-mail:
Abstract
Roseomonas spp. are increasingly involved in human infectious diseases. The environmental source for infection is generally admitted in published cases owing to the origin of most Roseomonas species and to their affiliation to the family Acetobacteraceae in Rhodospirillales, which mainly groups environmental bacteria. For a better delineation of Roseomonas habitat and infectious reservoir, we related phenotype, phylotype (16S rRNA gene), genomotype (Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis) and origin of 33 strains isolated from human, hospital environment and natural environment. Genetic databases were also surveyed. The population structure of the genus showed clades associated to human whereas others grouped environmental strains only. Roseomonas mucosa is the main human-associated speciesandthe study supported that opportunistic infections due to this species are related to the patient skin microbiota rather than to the environment. Contrarily, some strains belonging to other species isolated from cystic fibrosis patients were related to environmental clades suggesting an exogenous source for patient colonization. Accurate knowledge about the reservoirs of opportunistic pathogensfor longconsidered to be of environmental origin is still needed andwould be helpful to improve infection control and epidemiological survey of emerging human pathogens.
This web-only appendix provides details on origin (Table S1), biotype (Table S2) and antibiotype (Table S3) of the Roseomonas isolates and strains analyzed in this study. It also provides Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns (SpeI digestion) showing intra-genus (Figure S1) and intra-species (Figure S2) diversity of Roseomonas. UPGMA clusterisations performed by using biotyping and PFGE data are also displayed (Figures S1, S2 and S3).
Web-only Appendix, Table S1: Description of natural isolates and type strains of the genus Roseomonas. Sampling date, patient’s characteristics, hospital unit, city and country are specified for clinical isolates. Sampling date, ecosystem and country are specified for environmental isolates.
Clade / Strain / Origin / Hospital unit / City, country / Date of isolation / ReferenceI / R. mucosa AP50 / hospital dry surface / NP / Montpellier, France / November 2005 / This study
R. mucosa AP147 / blood, 5-years-old patient / Haematology paediatry / Montpellier, France / November 2011 / This study
R. mucosa AP152 / hospital sink surface / Paediatric intensive care / Montpellier, France / February 2011 / This study
R. mucosa AP153 / blood, 3-months patient / Neonatalogy / Montpellier, France / March 2011 / This study
R. mucosa AP197 / benchtop, dry surface / Radiopharmacy / Montpellier, France / January 2012 / This study
R. mucosa AP200 / peritoneal fluid, 57-years patient / Addictology / Montpellier, France / January 2012 / This study
R. mucosa AP201 / blood, 79-years patient / Internal medicine / Montpellier, France / February 2012 / This study
R. mucosa AP203 / hospital dry surface, / Haematology intensive care / Montpellier, France / February 2012 / This study
R. mucosa AP205 / respiratory tract, CF outpatient* / CF center / Montpellier, France / March 2012 / This study
R. mucosa AP219A / healthy skin, 21-years woman / No contact with hospital in the year before isolation / Montpellier, France / July 2013 / This study
R. mucosa AP219B
R. mucosa AP219C
R. mucosa AP220 / peritoneal fluid, 70-years patient / Internal medicine / Montpellier, France / July 2013 / This study
R. mucosa AP292 / blood, 51-years-old-patient / NP / Montpellier, France / October 2013 / This study
R. mucosa AP296 / blood, 71-years-old-patient / Emergency unit / Montpellier, France / January 2014 / This study
R. mucosa AP311 / blood, 77-years-old patient / Haematology / Montpellier, France / March 2014 / This study
R. mucosa AP313 / hospital dry surface / Neurosurgical intensive care / Montpellier, France / April 2014 / This study
R. mucosa AP315 / hospital dry surface / Traumatology intensive care / Montpellier, France / June 2014 / This study
R. gilardii subsp. gilardiiT / blood / NP / Houston, USA / NP / Rihs,1993
R. mucosaT / blood / NP / Houston, USA / NP / Han, 2003
R. gilardii subsp. roseaT / blood / NP / Houston, USA / NP / Rihs,1993
*outpatients that visit hospital 4 time per year on average; NP for not precised.
Web-only Appendix, Table S1 (suite): Description of natural isolates and type strains of the genus Roseomonas. Sampling date, patient’s characteristics, hospital unit, city and country are specified for clinical isolates. Sampling date, ecosystem and country are specified for environmental isolates.
Clade / Strain / Origin / Hospital unit / City, country / Date of isolation / ReferenceII / Roseomonas sp. RT458-1 / soil / Burkina Faso / May 2014 / This study
Roseomonas sp. RT458-2
Roseomonas sp. RT468-2
* / Roseomonas sp. AP105a / respiratory tract, CF outpatient* / CF center / Montpellier, France / July 2009 / This study
Roseomonas sp. AP105b / This study
III / R. aestuariiT / estuarine water / India / NP / Venkata Ramana, 2010
R. aestuarii AP120 / soil / Jordania / September 2009 / This study
R. aestuarii RT443-2 / soil / Irak / March 2014 / This study
R. aerophila AP127 / soil / Bulgaria / August 2010 / This study
R. aerophila RT450-1 / soil / Italy / May 2014 / This study
R. cervicalis AP209 / respiratory tract, CF outpatient* / CF center / Montpellier, France / June 2012 / This study
R. ludipueritiae AP149 / soil / Guadeloupe, France / 2011 / This study
Roseomonas sp. AP241 / soil / Cameroon / 2012 / This study
Roseomonas sp. AP242 / soil / Cameroon / 2012 / This study
Roseomonas sp. RT468-3 / soil / South Africa / October 2014 / This study
Roseomonas sp. RT468-4
*outpatients that visit hospital 4 time per year on average; NP for not precised.
Web-only Appendix, Table S2: Biochemical characters of natural isolates and type strains of the genus Roseomonas. Characters corresponded to API 20E and API 20NE (bioMérieux®) strips. 0 for absence of reaction; 1 for positive reaction.
Clade / Strain / Origin / API20E characters / API20NE charactersβ-galactosidase / Arginin dihydrolase / Lysine decarboxylase / Ornithine decarboxylase / Citrate utilization / H2S production / Urease / Tryptophane desaminase / Indole production / Acetoin production / Gelatinase / Fermentation / Reduction of nitrates to nitrites / Reduction of nitrites to nitrogen / Indole production / Glucose fermentation / Arginine dihydrogenase / Urease / Esculine hydrolysis / Gelatine hydrolysis / β-galactosidase / Assimilation
Glucose / Mannitol / Inositol / Sorbitol / Rhamnose / Saccharose / Melibiose / Amygdalin / Arabinose / Glucose / Arabinose / Mannose / Mannitol / N-acetyl-glucosamine / Maltose / Potassium gluconate / Capric acid / Adipic acid / Malate / Trisodium citrate / Phenylacetic acid
I / R. mucosa AP50 / hospital dry surface / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP147 / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP152 / hospital sink / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP153 / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP197 / hospital dry surface / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP200 / peritoneal fluid / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP201 / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP203 / hospital dry surface / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP205 / respiratory tract / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP219A / healthy skin / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP219B / healthy skin / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. mucosa AP219C / healthy skin / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP220 / peritoneal fluid / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP292 / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP296 / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
*strains non-affiliated to a species or a cluster.
Web-only Appendix, Table S2 (suite): Biochemical characters of natural isolates and type strains of the genus Roseomonas. Characters corresponded to API 20E and API 20NE (bioMérieux®) strips. 0 for absence of reaction; 1 for positive reaction.
I / R. mucosa AP311 / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0R. mucosa AP313 / hospital dry surface / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. mucosa AP315 / hospital dry surface / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. gilardii subsp. gilardiiT / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. mucosaT / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. gilardii subsp. roseaT / blood / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
II / Roseomonas sp. RT458-1 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
Roseomonas sp. RT458-2 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
Roseomonas sp. RT468-2 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
* / Roseomonas sp. AP105a / respiratory tract / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
Roseomonas sp. AP105b / respiratory tract / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
III / R. aestuariiT / water / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. aestuarii AP120 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. aestuarii RT443-2 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. aerophila AP127 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
R. aerophila RT450-1 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
R. cervicalis AP209 / respiratory tract / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
R. ludipueritiae AP149 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1
Roseomonas sp. AP241 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0
Roseomonas sp. AP242 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1
Roseomonas sp.RT468-3 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Roseomonas sp. RT468-4 / soil / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
*strains non-affiliated to a species or a cluster.
Web-only Appendix, Table S3: Antibiotypes of natural isolates and type strains of the genus Roseomonas. S for susceptible; R for resistant.
Clade / Strain / Origin / Amoxicillin / Cefalothin / Aztreonam / Ticarcillin / Cefoxitin / Cefotaxim / Ticarcillin + clavulanic acid / Ceftazidim / Cefepime / Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid / Cefpodoxime proxetil / Imipenem / Latamoxef / Cefpirome / Piperacillin + Tazobactam / Piperacillin / Gentamicin / Tobramycin / Netilmicin / Amikacin / Isepamicin / Chloramphenicol / Tetracycline / Colistin / Nalidixic acid / Ofloxacin / Ciprofloxacin / Levofloxacin / Fosfomycin / Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazoleI / R. mucosa AP50 / hospital dry surface / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP147 / blood / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP152 / hospital sink / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP153 / blood / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / R
R. mucosa AP197 / hospital dry surface / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / S / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP200 / peritoneal fluid / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP201 / blood / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP203 / hospital dry surface / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP205 / respiratory tract / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP219A / healthy skin / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / S
R. mucosa AP219B / healthy skin / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / R / R / R / R
R. mucosa AP219C / healthy skin / R / R / S / R / R / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / R / R / R / R
R. mucosa AP220 / peritoneal fluid / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / R / S / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / S
R. mucosa AP292 / blood / R / R / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. mucosa AP296 / blood / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosa AP311 / blood / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / S
R. mucosa AP313 / hospital dry surface / R / R / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / R / S
R. mucosa AP315 / hospital dry surface / R / S / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. gilardii subsp. gilardiiT / blood / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
R. mucosaT / blood / R / R / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
R. gilardii subsp. roseaT / blood / R / R / S / R / S / R / S / R / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / R / S / R / R / R
ll / Roseomonas sp. RT458-1 / soil / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
Roseomonas sp. RT458-2 / soil / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
Roseomonas sp. RT468-2 / soil / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / S
*strains non-affiliated to a species or a cluster.
Web-only Appendix, Table S3 (suite): Antibiotypes of natural isolates and type strains of the genus Roseomonas. S for susceptible; R for resistant.
* / Roseomonas sp. AP105a / respiratory tract / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / SRoseomonas sp. AP105b / respiratory tract / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / S
III / R. aestuariiT / water / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. aestuarii AP120 / soil / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. aestuarii RT443-2 / soil / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / R / S / S / R / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. aerophila AP127 / soil / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. aerophila RT450-1 / soil / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / S
R. cervicalis AP209 / respiratory tract / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
R. ludipueritiae AP149 / soil / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R
Roseomonas sp. AP241 / soil / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
Roseomonas sp. AP242 / soil / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
Roseomonas sp.RT468-3 / soil / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / R / R
Roseomonas sp. RT468-4 / soil / R / S / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / R / S / R / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R
*strains non-affiliated to a species or a cluster.
Web-only Appendix, Figure S1: Dendrogram UPGMA showing clusterisation of natural isolates of Roseomonas spp. according to pulsotypes. PFGE pattern is given in front of the corresponding branch for each isolate. Clusters are defined at more than 70% similarity (Dice coefficient).
Web-only Appendix, Figure S2: Dendrogram UPGMA showing clusterisation of natural isolates of R. mucosa according to pulsotypes. PFGE pattern is given in front of the corresponding branch for each isolate. Clusters are defined at more than 70% similarity (Dice coefficient).
Web-only Appendix, Figure S3: Dendrogram UPGMA showing clusterisation of the isolates and type strains of Roseomonas according to biotypes defined using API 20E and API 20NE strips (Supplementary Table S1). Clusters are defined for strains sharing more than 78% similarity (Dice coefficient).