SHORT TITLE OF PAPER 1

Title of Paper

Your Name

Liberty University Online

[Please read the APA Manual pp. 23-25].

Your title page must include the running head, title of your paper, your name, and the name of your university. The running head (the short title of your paper that appears in the header) is to be an abbreviation of your title and is to be less than 50 characters long (ALL CAPITALS).

Note: the actual words “Running head” only appear on the Title page, and not on subsequent pages. To enter your running head, just double click on the header section above. Replace the text highlighted in yellow with your running head, and then delete the text in red. Then double click the main body of this page to exit the header section.

Next, go to page two of this template and double click on the header. Replace the text highlighted in yellow with your running head. The running head will then be automatically replaced on all subsequent pages. Double click on the text body to complete the change.

Next, enter (and replace) the additional information required on this page (highlighted in yellow) with your own information. (See page 41 of the APA manual to have a look at a sample paper.) Don’t forget to remove the brackets and the highlighting.

This template is formatted according to APA Style guidelines, with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of each page.

You can use this template to help you develop your theory critiques.

[The font size used for these comments (in red) is smaller to fit more information on each page.]

Title of Paper
Summary

Type the title of your paper again at the top of this page. Normally, you would follow the title with an introduction to your paper. You do not need to do an introduction for this theory critique. Remove the highlighting after entering the title of your paper.

In the Summary section, develop a 1-pagesummaryof the book in your own words. Do not copy and paste from the book—this is plagiarism! For example, provide a brief description in your own words of Crabb’s text and the Week 1 and 2 lectures, which provide Hawkins’ theory. Pay particular attention to how the material fits in with the elements of a comprehensive theory. Short quotations from the material are acceptable, but they should not be more than one to two sentences in length, and be sure to use correct APA 6th edition formatting. The grading rubric allows up to 40 points for writing a concise and thorough Summary section.

Concise Summary of Theory (40 points)

  • At least one page of typed text
  • Summary demonstrates a solid understanding of the material presented
  • Summary presents the core ideas of each Christian theory of counseling
  • Summary is sufficiently thorough (covers the essential concepts of the theory) but also concise (tightly worded and eliminates peripheral ideas)

Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses

The Grading Rubric allows for up to 25 points for this Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses section (at least one page in length). Your critical thinking skills need to be displayed in this section as you explain the strengths and weaknesses of the theory or theories you are critiquing. A writing style that displays critical thinking examines the logic of the arguments made by the author or authors it is reviewing. It compares what those authors posit to what the writer of the critique (which would be you) knows to be true from other theories, sources, authors, scriptures, and/or life experience.

As you define strengths and weaknesses, also offer theories and writings from your own knowledge and research that expand your writing and further define your points. You may compare the author’s writings against other authors and theorists, as well as your own understandings of counseling and human development. All of your writing should fit within the big picture of Hawkins’ model of counseling; the essence of this model is found in both module one’s notes section in the document, Constructing a Comprehensive Theory of Counseling,and in the document provided for you entitled, Personal Theory Paper: Working Outline Example.

Evaluation of Strengths and Weakness (25 points)

  • One page
  • This section demonstrates critical thinking in the analysis and critique of the material.
  • This section identifies the strengths/weaknesses of the theory (from your perspective) and provides your rationale for your critique. With what do you agree and disagree? This section does not merely add more information about the theory, but provides critique.
  • This section comments on the efficacy of the theory—does the theory provide a comprehensive theory of counseling?

Personal Reflection and Application

In this section (at least one page in length), you need to relate the content of the author or authors to a personal experience in your own life. Connecting personally to the theories you study will help you internalize what you are learning. This section also affords you a place to begin to develop your own personal theory of counseling by discussing how you agree or disagree with the authors concerning their elements of a comprehensive theory of counseling (again, refer to the Hawkins material as given above). What will you use from the theory you are critiquing, and what (if anything) does not fit for you? How will you combine this theory with other theories and Biblical principles to form your own theory? Allow these and other questions to surface to complete this section.

Personal Reflection and Application (20 points)

  • One page
  • This section provides personal example(s) of how you personally relate to the content of the theory
  • This section provides clear connections between the life episode and the core concepts (not peripheral ideas in the theory)

This section describes what you may use from the theory in your own counseling
References

Crabb, L. J. (1977). Effective biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.

Hawkins, R. E. (2010). Counseling 507, Week 1, Lecture 1. Model for guiding the counseling process [Power Point]. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University Online.

The References section always begins on a separate page. I strongly recommend that you utilize Word’s “References” for entering and formatting sources for the reference section of your paper.

Instructions for Entering Citations into Microsoft Word, 2010

  1. Click on the “References” tab on top toolbar in Word. Where it says “Style” you should choose “APA sixth edition.”
  2. Next, click on: “Insert Citation.” In the dropdown menu, choose “Add New Source.”
  3. Next, from the drop down menu, choose the “Type of Source.” Book? Article? Etc. (Note: There is a drop-down menu for a wide variety of sources. You will only see a limited number without using the drop-down menu and scrolling down to see all the options).
  4. Then enter the information and click “OK.”

The citation will then be saved in APA 6e style format.

  1. When you want to print out citations for your Bibliography, just click on the “Manage Sources,” and then copy your citation to the “Current List.”
  2. Then go back out to the toolbar and click on “Bibliography.”
  3. Finally, from the dropdown menu click: “Insert Bibliography.”
  4. Unfortunately, the Bibliography will be printed out single-spaced. To get it into double spaced, you can try saving your document in Word 97. This will remove the special formatting. Then you should be able to highlight the reference and make it double spaced using Word.

In the References section, entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors, and are formatted with a hanging indent.

Appendix I

Please remove Appendix I after you have read it.

Developing Your Paragraphs: The Building Blocks of Your Paper

  • Each paragraph in your paper should contain only one main idea or topic. If you begin a new topic or idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
  • Each paragraph should consist of at least three sentences (otherwise, it is not a paragraph). Of course, you can have more than three sentences, but stick to the topic.
  • Each paragraph should contain at a minimum:A topic or controlling sentence
  • A supporting sentence (can be more than one); examples, illustrations of the topic
  • A concluding sentence
  • Each paragraph should be linked to the previous paragraph and follow a logical order that was set out at the beginning of your paper in the introduction, or according to your section heading, under which the particular paragraph falls.
  • Connect paragraphs together using transitional words or phrases at the beginning of the paragraphs such as the following:

Some Transitional Words/Phrases:

Openings: To begin with, Initially, At the onset, For a time, In the beginning, At the outset, To start with, There have been several different approaches,

Following On: Subsequently, Later on, It follows that, Along the same lines, Along somewhat different lines, Next, Also, A little while later, Immediately after, Over the following years, In subsequent years, Subsequent research,

Quantitative: For the most part, Overall, In general,

Similarity: Similarly, In a similar fashion, Likewise, Also

Difference:Along somewhat different lines, Taking a different approach, Taking a somewhat different approach,

Contrast: In sharp contrast, In marked contrast; By way of contrast, On the other hand, On the contrary, However,

In General: In general, Generally speaking, Overall, For the most part,

Examples: For example, By way of example,

Specifics: In particular, Specifically,

Illustration:Therefore, Thus, For example, For instance, In particular, Specifically, Namely,

Comparison: In comparison, Comparatively speaking, In other words,

Emphasis: Surprisingly, Above all, Truly, Not surprisingly, Above all else,

Concession: Conceding the point, Acknowledging this position, In agreement,

Summary/Conclusion: In summary, Taking everything into consideration, Looking back over these various approaches, In conclusion,

If you take care of the paragraphs, the paper will take care of itself.

Some Things to Avoid:

  • Just writing sentences without any sense of direction of where you are going.
  • Putting “fluff” in your paper to just to fill space.
  • Writing long, complicated sentences.
  • Writing long, complicated paragraphs containing more than one topic or logical argument.
  • Using the passive voice instead of the active voice.
  • Spelling and grammatical errors.
  • Failing to adequately cite the authors you are quoting or paraphrasing.

Turn on Word’s “Proofing”

Please make sure your turn on Microsoft Word’s “Proofing” functioning. This will help you avoid typing errors, spelling errors, punctuation errors, and grammatical errors. I have produced a video to instruct you how to do this.

Written instructions are given at the same link:

Turning On Microsoft Word’s Proofing Function

Tutor.com

If you need help with writing, please make use of Tutor.com. LU has made special arrangements for online students to get help with writing from these experts.