VERBCHART
iTense(&aspect)ExampleMeaningTimeexpression(s) associatedwiththis tense/aspect? I
ShelivesinLos•Habitualactioninthepresent
SimplepresentAngeles.•generaltruths;indicatesastate;
•canexpressafuturescheduledeventor
evenapokennarrativepast
Shelivedin•Anactionoreventthatbeganandwas
SimplepastChina.completedinthepastoftenwithatime
expressionthatstatesthis.
•Futurehabitualactionorstate;
SimplefutureWewillleaveat•futurescheduledaction(ofte!lwithafuture
4.timestated).
.
She's livingin•Activityinprogressatthemoment,I
PresentprogressiveLosAngeles;he'satemporaryevent,I
I
kickingtheball;•arepetitionofaseriesofongoing actions; Tom's leaving•anactivitynotastate;
tomprrow•c.anexpressfutureforaplannedeventI
Shewassleeping.•Anactioninprogressataspecificpointof!
1 Pastprogressivetimeinthepast;
•repetitionofsomeongoingpastaction;i
I
•Anactionthatwillbeinprogressata'
FutureprogressiveHewillbespecifictimeinthefuture;
studyingSpanish•durationofsomespecificfutureactionor
IpresentactionthatwillcontinueintotheI
ifuture(usuallyforaspecifiedamtoftime).
Source: Covel Composition & ESL Lab
Shehaslivedill•Anactionthatoccurredatanindefinite!
PresentperfectLosAngeles.timeinthepastorwhichbegqnint):iepast'
andcontinueduntilnow.I
I
I
l.'I'
!Shehadlivedin•AnactioncompletedinthepastpriortoI
PastperfectLosAngeles.sonieotherpasteventortime.
Shewillhave•Afutureactionthatwillbecompletedprior
Futureperfectfinishedit.toaspecificfuturetime
I've beenvisiting•AsituationorhabitthatbeganinthepastI
Presentperfectmyfriends.andcontinuesuptothepresentwithan
progressiveemphasisonthisasanactioniriprogressI
thatisnot etcom,llleted
Shehadbeen•Anactionorhabittakingplaceovera
Pastperfectlivingalone.periodoftimeinthepastpriortosome
progressiveotherpsteventortime
•apastactioninprogressthatwas
interruptedbyamorerecentpastactionI
To111willhave•Dudttiveorhabitualactionthatistaking
Futureperfectbeebstudyingatplaceinthepresentandthatwillcontinue
progressive. UCLAfor3yearsintothefuture
thisspring.I
!
I
I
Source: Covel Composition & ESL Lab