Senior Final Review Sheet- Cumulative portion

Chapter 7: (2 questions)

parts of nervous system- CNS vs PNS

grey vs. white matter

impulse path (receptor to interneuron to motor neuron)

Chapter 8: (1 question)

parts of eye/ functions

Chapter 9: (2 questions)

Vocabulary: hormone/ receptor

Chapter 10-11: (2 questions)

types of blood cells and functions

three parts of cardiovascular system

Chapter 12: (2 questions)

Functions of lymphatic system

First/ second/ third lines of defense

Chapter 13: (2 questions)

organs of respiratory system and functions (upper vs. lower)

path of oxygen through respiratory system

Chapter 14: (2 questions)

Path of food through body

LDL vs. HDL

Chapter 15: (2 questions)

ADH

organs and tubes/ function and flow

Senior Final Review Sheet- Reproductive portion

Chapter 16

1. alveoli- secretory sacs of the mammary glands

2. amnion- embryonic membrane that surrounds and protects fetus; fluid filled

3. blastula- embryonic phase from about 4-6 days where cells form hollow ball; stage after morula; stage before gastrula

4. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland- produces main alkaline fluid of semen to protect sperm from urethra and vaginal fluid

5. capacitation- functional change sperm undergo in female reproductive tract; takes about 10 hours

6. chorionic villi- embryonic membrane that eventually becomes part of placenta

7. cremaster muscle- pulls testes into body when cold; lowers testes away from body when hot

8. ductus (vas) deferens- cut in a vasectomy; after epidydimus; before ejaculatory duct

9. ectoderm- embryonic germ layer that becomes skin and nervous system

10. embryo- fertilization to month 2; morula, blastula, and gastrula are stages

11. endoderm- embryonic germ layer that may become epithelial lining

12. endometrium- inner layer of uterus; sloughed off during menstruation

13. epidydimus- duct in which sperm mature; after efferent ducts; before epidydimus

14. fetus- months 2-9; all have blue eyes

15. fructose- sugar source for sperm

16. gamete- spermatazoon and ova; also called sex cells or germ cells

17. gastrula- embryonic stage where germ layer develop; after blastula stage

18. gestation- period from fertilization to birth; on average 266 days in humans

19. gonads- testes and ovaries; organs that produce gametes; produces estrogen in women and testosterone in men; considered both endocrine and exocrine glands

20. implantation- when blastocyst attaches to endometrium; usually occurs around day 6

21. mammary gland- part of female reproductive tract that produces milk for newborn

22. mesoderm- embryonic layer that may become muscle or connective tissue

23. morula- first stage of embryonic development; zygote divides into ball of cells

24. oogenesis- production of egg cells; second division doesn’t occur until after fertilization

25. oxytocin- hormone that induces labor

26. placenta- hormone producing organ found only in pregnant woman; made of endometrium and chorion; structure responsible for diffusing oxygen and nutrients into fetal blood; alcohol, some viruses, and drugs can pass through but microorganisms usually cannot; not an embryonic membrane

27. progesterone- hormone that gets uterus ready for pregnancy and maintain pregnancy; hormone receptors blocked with RU-486

28. prolactin- hormone that initiates milk production in mammary glands

29. prostate gland- produces acidic part of semen that includes enzymes for capacitation

30. reproduction- process by which new individuals produced and genetic information passed on

31. scrotum- supportive structure of testes

32. secondary oocyte- what oogonium divides and develops into; what is ovulated from follicle

33. seminal vesicles- produces largest portion of semen; produces fructose in semen

34. spermatogenesis- production of sperm

35. uterine (Fallopian) tubes- where fertilization usually occurs; contain cilia that create a current to carry ovum from ovaries to uterus; produces peristaltic contractions to carry ovum from ovaries to uterus

36. uterus- pathway for sperm; menstrual site; site of implantation

37. Y chromosome- determines sex of baby; if present, fetus will develop male; delivered by sperm (male determines sex of baby)

38. yolk sac- embryonic membrane that feeds early embryo

39. zygote- fertilized egg