11

Chapter 1: The Human Animal

How Similar Are We?

Process and Procedures Date

Pages 68-76 Page #

4. List characteristics

that are shared by all

organisms.

5. Write your own

definition of each of the

unifying principles.

7. Complete the table.

Unifying Principle / Type of Organism
Archaea / Bacteria / Protist / Animal / Fungi / Plant
Ecology
Homeostasis
Matter, Energy and Organization
Continuity
Development
Ecology

How Similar Are We?

Describing Life: An Impossible Challenge? Date

Pages 70-74 Page #

Six unifying there are six characteristics of principles living things:

1.  evolution

2.  homeostasis

3.  energy, matter and organization

4.  continuity/reproduction

5.  growth and development

6.  ecology

Evolution living things change over time

Changes over time can lead to generation of new species

All living things are related because they share a common ancestor with all over living things

Homeostasis living systems maintain an internal balance

Organisms regulate their internal systems in response to changes in their surroundings:

· Blood pumping quickly in response to a dangerous situation

· Bacteria can adjust their production of certain chemicals

· Plants open or close stomata in response to changes in humidity

· Animals change color to match environment

Energy, matter all living systems are highly

and organization organized forms of matter

Atoms that make up •carbon

living things •nitrogen

•oxygen

•hydrogen

•phosphorus

•sulfur

Cells basic structural units of living matter

Cell membrane allows cells to maintain a different composition than their environment by allowing passage or barrier of certain substances

Energy needed by living things to build structures and carry out activities:

•sunlight

•chemical energy from other organisms

Reproduction living things depend on DNA that contains “plans”

DNA a long molecule that stores instructions on building and maintaining cells and bodies

Organisms transfer their DNA to the next generation during reproduction

Growth and growth allows organisms to development assemble new tissue

Differentiation cell specialization that allows the body to “divide the labor”

Development the total growth and differentiation that occurs throughout the life of an organism

Ecology the interaction of all living systems on Earth

How Similar Are We?

Analysis Date

Pages 76 Page #

How Similar Are We?

Three Domains Date

Pages 77-81 Page #

3 domains 1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

3. Eukarya

Domain Bacteria •no nucleus

•no organelles

•usually made of only one cell (unicellular)

•variety of shapes

•some move using flagella

•reproduce by dividing into two (asexual) or exchanging small amounts of DNA (sexual)

•live in almost every kind of environment

•obtain energy from photosynthesis or get food molecules from environment

Domain Archaea •no nucleus

•live in extreme environments

Domain Eukarya •have organelles with membranes

Four kingdoms:

•Animalia

•Plantae

•Fungi

•Protista

Kingdom Animalia •multicellular

•obtain energy by bringing food into their bodies

•most reproduce sexually

•senses/nervous system to improve movement

•live in a variety of environments

•range of sizes

Kingdom Plantae •obtain energy through photosynthesis (use the sun to make their own food)

•have organelles with membranes

•multicellular

•most reproduce sexually

•produce most of the world’s food and oxygen

Kingdom Fungi •have organelles with membranes

•mostly multicellular

•obtain energy by breaking down dead materials and waste products (decomposers)

•interact with green algae or cyanobacteria to form lichen

•examples include mold, mushrooms, and yeasts

Kingdom Protista •most are single-celled

•live in water and other moist habitats

•obtain energy through photosynthesis, as decomposers or parasites

•come in many shapes

•examples include algae and slime molds