MARKING GUIDE,
section A=29, section B= 26, section C=15, Tot=70
GHSBIOLOGY P553/1August 2011
EOTTime 1. 30 hoursS 3
Top of Form
INSTRUCTIONS
- Answer all the questions A and B in the spaces provided
- Answers any one question in section C
Table 1. ANSWERS TO SECTION A
1 B / 6 B / 11 B / 16 A / 21 D / 26 A2 C / 7 C / 12 C / 17 C / 22 D / 27 D
3 B / 8 A / 13 D / 18 D / 23 A / 28 C
4 C / 9 A / 14 B / 19 D / 24 A / 29 C
5 B / 10 D / 15 C / 20 B / 25 A / 30 B
- Which one of the following groups of animals uses gills, skin, buccal cavity and lungs for gaseous exchange at some stage in their lifecycle?
A. Fish
B. Amphibians
C. Reptiles
D. Mammals
2. The best explanation for panting of an athlete immediately after a race is to
A. allows fast blood flow to the lungs.
B. restores the used up energy.
C. takes in more oxygen.
D. allows fast blood flow from the muscles.
3. An athlete has just finished a race. The phrase “oxygen debt” refer to
A. the amount of oxygen originally present in the muscles of the athletes before the race.
B. The amount of oxygen taken in after the race and used to complete the combustion of some of the lactic acid.
C. The total amount of oxygen taken in during panting after the race.
D. The amount of oxygen needed by the lungs after the race for combustion of glucose.
4. Which of the following is the best description of the term double circulation in a mammal?
A. Blood flows into the two lungs and then into the body.
B. Blood passes through two chambers of the heart.
C. Blood passes through the heart twice in one circulation.
D. Blood first through arteries and then through veins.
5. When blood passes from the lungs to the kidney it has to go through the
A. pulmonary artery, tricuspid valve and aorta.
B. pulmonary vein, bicuspid valve and aorta.
C. anterior venacava, tricuspid valve and aorta.
D. posterior venacava, biscupid valve and aorta.
6. The force which mostly help water to move up a tall plant are
A. osmosis and diffusion
B. capillarity and transpiration.
C. osmosis only.
D. capillary and osmosis.
7. Which one of the following events occurs during osmosis?
A. Solute molecules move from more concentrated solution to less concentrated solution.
B. water molecules move from more concentrated solution to less concentrated solution.
C. water molecules move from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution.
D. Solute molecules move from less to more concentrated solution.
8. Which of the following is characteristic of a soil with low capillarity?
A. Poor water retention.
B. Poor drainage.
C. Poor aeration.
D. Small particles.
9. By which one of the following processes does carbondioxide leave the blood capillaries into the alveoli?
A. Osmosis B. Active transport C. Diffusion D. Capillary
10. A sample of blood from the hepatic portal vein contains
A. fats B. proteins C. high concentration of urea. D. high concentration of products ofdigestion.
11. What are the products of digestion of lactose sugar?
A. Glucose only B. Glucose and galactose C. Fructose and galactose D. Fructose and glucose
12. Which one of the following organisms carriers out intracellular digestion?
A. Fungi B. Algae C. Amoeba D. Hookworm
13. The role of rennin in children during digestion is
A. Breaking down milk protein into peptides.
B. mixing the milk protein with digestive enzyme.
C. activating pepsin to digest the milk protein.
D. coagulating milk protein.
14. A certain plant has the following features;
Leaves reduced to spines, stomata are few and sunken in pits and leaves are cover with thick cuticle.
In which of the following areas is the above plant likely to be found?
- open grass land B. desert C. wetland D. forest
15. In adults, constant feeding on an iodine deficient diet may lead to:
A. anaemia B. Dry skin C. goiterD bleeding gum
16. The function(s) of modified roots are;
A. Storage and reproduction
B. Storage and support
C. Support only
D. Support and reproduction
17. Table 2. Four test tubes were set up with contents as in table below
Test tube / ContentsA / Starch solution + dilute hydrochloric acid + saliva
B / Starch solution + distilled water + dilute hydrochloric acid
C / Starch solution + distilled water + saliva
D / Starch solution + dilute sodium bicarbonate + distilled water
The four test tubes were kept at about 380 C for 15 minutes. In which of the four test tubes would you expect to find an orange precipitate after boiling the contents with benedict’s solution?
- Test tube B
- Test tube A
- Test tube D
- Test tube C
18. Which one of the following is not a property of a fully turgid plant cell?
A. The vacuole has maximum volume.
B. There is no more absorption of water by the soil.
C. The cell wall resists further expansion of the vacuole.
D. The cytoplasm is only slightly separated from the cell wall.
19. Which one of the following is not a property of a fully turgid plant cell?
A. The vacuole has maximum volume.
B. There is no more absorption of water by the soil.
C. The cell wall resists further expansion of the vacuole.
D. The cytoplasm is only slightly separated from the cell wall.
20. The type of soil with minute air spaces and high water retention capacity is
A. sand B. clayC. siltD. loam
21. Which one of the following cannot be used in the classification of plants?
A. Structure of the flowers. B. Leaf structureC. Type of seeds D. Leaf colour.
22. Which one of the following animals requires the highest amount of water reabsorbed in the body
- Toad B. Fresh water fishC. Amoeba D. Desert rat
23. In which of the following organs does mucus play a protective role
- Stomach B. Oesophagus C. Duodenum D. Colon
24. Which one of the following plants would depend most on wind for its reproduction?
A plant with…………………….
A. Small inconspicuous flowers and light seeds.
B. Sticky pollen grains and explosive fruits.
C. Numerous pollen grains and enclosed stigma.
D. Coloured petals and small hairy fruits.
25. Which one of the following fruits is an example of a drupe?
A. Avocado. B. PassionC. TomatoD. Orange
26. Some of the following events occur when seeds show epigeal germination.
(i) testa slits.
(ii) hypocotyl grow fast
(iii) epicotyl grows fast
(iv) cotyledons appear above the ground
(v) cotyledons remain below the ground.
Which of the following are the events that occur?
A. (i), (ii), (iv) B. (i), (iii), (v) C. (iii), (iv), (v) D. (i), (ii), (iii)
27. In stems the tissue responsible for the movement of manufactured food from leaves is the
A. cortex B. cambiumC. xylemD. phloem
28. Which of the following veins carry oxygenated blood?
A. renal veinB. hepartic portal vein C. Pulmonary veinD. Carotid vein
29. The following results were obtained from an experiment done to determine the percentage of air in a sample of soil.
Volume of water used = 10cm3
Volume of soil + water = 40cm3
Volume of soil + water after stirring = 37cm3
From the results, the percentage of air in the soil is
A. 7.5 B. 8.1 C. 10 D. 23.3
30. What gas is likely to be evolved from a submerged aquatic plant in bright sunlight?
- Carbon dioxide B. Oxygen C. HydrogenD. Nitrogen
Section B
31. The table 3, below shows the relative value in composition of food reserves in percentages of different seeds
Seed / Carbohydrates / Proteins / Fats- Castor oil
- Ground nuts
- Maize
- Rice
(a)Which of the seeds provide the greatestnutrientsrequired by the body for? (3 marks)
(i)Cell formation…………B/GROUND NUTS…………………………………………
(ii)Energy production………C/MAIZE…………………………………..
(iii)Insulation of the body………A/CASTLE OIL………………………………………………
(b)Which food nutrient will be highest in all the four seeds combined? (1 mark)
………………………CARBOHYDRATES……………………………………………….
(c)Name the enzymes responsible for breakdown of ground nuts at each of the following parts of alimentary canal and food substrates and their products. (9½ marks)
Table 4.
Part / Secretion (juice) / Enzyme / Food substrate / ProductMouth / SALIVA / salivary amylase / starch / maltose
Stomach / GASTRIC / Pepsin / proteins / Petides
Duodenum / PANCTREATIC
………….. / (i)amylase
(ii)trypsin
(iii)lipase / starch
Proteins
lipids / maltose
peptides/amino acids
fatty acids and glycerol
(d)How are the secretions in the stomach stimulated? (2 marks)
By sight, thought, smell and taste of food
32. Outline what happens in the thoracic cavity during
i) Inspiration in man (5marks)
- Intercostals muscles contract
- Ribs are raised upwards and outwards
- Diaphragm flattens
- Thoracic cavity increases in size
- Lungs expand
- Air is drawn inside the lungs
i)Expiration in man (5marks)
- Intercostals muscles and diaphragm relax
- Diaphragm regains a dome shape
- The ribs lower
- Air is forced out
- Thoracic cavity becomes smaller
- Lungs shrink
Section C
33. (a) Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis. (2 marks)
Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules from a region of their high concentration to a region of their lower concentration via a semi permeable membrane. While diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
(b) Describe an experiment to demonstrate osmosis, using an irish potato tissue. (11 marks)
Aim: To demonstrate osmosis using an irish potato tissue
Materials
- 3 irish potato
- 3 petridishes
- 2 tea spoonfuls of salt/sugar
- Knife or scalpel
- Boiling water
- Distilled
Procedures /method
The three potato halves are peeled at the base using a knife .
The middle cavities of the potato halves are scooped out using a spoon or knife
One of the cut potatoes is placed in boiling water for 5 minutes
The three prepared potatoes are placed in three petridishes and some water is poured in each of the dish . A tea spoonful of salt is placed in one of the cavity of the boiled potato and in one of the raw potatoes as shown bellow
Set up of the experiment
The set up is left to stand for about 3hours
Observation
In the cavity of the boiled potato A ,there was no water while in the cavity of raw potato half B ,there was water which dissolved salt it .the water level in petrisdish B decreased at the same time .There was hardly any water in the cavity of potato half C without salt .
Conclusion
Osmosis did not take place in A and C but osmosis took place in B
Explanation of the observation
In A , osmosis did not occur because the semi permeable membrane of potato cells was destroyed by boiling which did not allow movement of water into the solute (salt ) molecules
In B osmosis took place because there was a difference in the water potential between cavity of the potato and the water in the petridish and plasma membrane of potato cells was living which caused
(c) How are root hairs adapted to its functions of water absorption (2marks)
- Many in number to increase on surface area for absorption of water
- Thin and flexible to grow through soil
34. (a) what is meant by the term pollination (2 marks)
Plant Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther; heads to the stigma of a flower.
(b) State the characteristics of (10 marks)
(i) Wind pollinated flowers
- Not scented.
- Don’t produce nectar
- Large feathery stigmas to catch pollen floating in air.
- Long styles which project the stigma.
- Produce large quantities of pollen grains since some of the pollen grains may not reach the stigma.
- Pollen grains are smooth
- Pollen grains are light and sometimes have wing-like structures to float in the air.
- Usually inconspicuous for example; guinea grass, common reed, sugar cane, etc
(ii) Insect pollinated flowers
- They are scented
- Produce nectar
- Sticky stigmas for trapping pollen.
- Produce smaller quantities of pollen grains because few of them are wasted
- Pollen grains are rough, heavy and sometimes sticky to attach to body of insect pollinators.
- Brightly coloured petals.
- Some flowers have landing platforms so that insects are able to visit them.
- Large and conspicuous so that they are easily seen by insects.
- Nectarines are situated in such a way that an insect is dusted with pollen as it tries to reach them.
(c) Give any three factors that promote cross pollination in plants (3 marks)
- Having one reproductive part e.g.
- Reproductive parts ripening at different times
- Having stigma above the anther heads
- Long filaments that protrude outside the flower
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