Module 5: Leading

Section 2: Motivating and rewarding employees

Learning objectives

•  Describe the motivation process

•  Define needs and explain the hierarchy of needs theory

•  Differentiate Theory X from Theory Y

•  Describe the motivation-hygiene theory and equity theory

•  Explain the key relationships in expectancy theory

•  Describe how managers can design individual jobs to maximize employee performance

•  Describe the effect of workforce diversity on motivational practices

Learning objectives (Contd.)

•  Define leader and explain the difference between managers and leaders

•  Summarize the conclusions of trait theories of leadership

•  Be familiar with Fiedler contingency model

•  Describe the path-goal model of leadership

•  Explain situational leadership

•  Describe characteristics of charismatic leaders and visionary leaders

•  Explain four specific roles of effective team leaders

•  Identify five dimensions of trust

Motivation and individual needs

•  Motivation: the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs

•  Need is defined as an internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive

Classical theories of motivation

•  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

•  Theory X and Theory Y

•  Herzberg’s Two factor Model



Contemporary theories of motivation

•  Three-needs theory

•  Equity theory

•  Job characteristics model

•  Expectancy theory







Leaders and leadership

•  Leaders are people who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority

•  Leadership is an influence process; therefore, leaders are people who, by their actions, encourage a group of people to move toward a common or shared goal.


Behavioral approach to leadership

•  Behavioral theories of leadership

•  Ohio State University studies

•  The University of Michigan studies




Contingency approach to leadership

•  Fiedler model

•  Path-goal theory

•  Leader-participation model

•  Situational leadership







Emerging approach to leadership

•  Charismatic leadership

•  Visionary leadership

•  Transactional and transformational leadership