Chapter 14 – Land
Section 1 – How We Use Land
- Land Use and Land Cover
Urban / Rural
Primary Land Use Categories
Land Cover Type / Human Use of Land- Where We Live
Figure 3 - In which parts of the world do more people live in rural areas than in urban areas?
- The Urban-Rural Connection
-Rural and urban dwellers are dependent on rural resources such as clean ______, fertile ______and land for ______, trees for ______and ______, and much of the ______we breathe.
Ecosystem services – the ______that are produced by ______and artificial ecosystems.
**Reading Check – How does each person’s use of ecosystem services in the
United States compare with each person’s use in Germany?
Section 2 – Urban Land Use
- Urbanization – the movement of people from ______areas to ______.
- Urban Crisis
-Occurs when urban areas grow ______and overwhelm the ______
Infrastructure – all of the things that a society builds for ______. Includes roads, ______, ______, bridges, ______, fire and ______stations, ______, libraries, ______, water ______, and ______lines.
- Urban Sprawl – rapid expansion of a ______into the ______around a city.
- Development on Marginal Lands
Marginal lands- land that is ______for building.
- Other Impacts of Urbanization
Heat Island – the ______temperature in a city. Example: ______,______
**Reading Check – How do heat islands affect the local rainfall?
- Urban Planning
Land Use Planning – determining in advance how land be ______- where houses, ______, and ______will be built, where land will be ______for recreation, and so no.
- Technological Tools
-Geographic ______(GIS) – a computerized system for storing, manipulating, and ______geographic data.
- Transportation
-Mass transit systems – includes buses and ______to move many people at one time.
- Open Space – land within urban areas set aside for ______and ______enjoyment.
**Reading Check – What are three benefits that are provided by open spaces in urban areas?
Section 3 – Land Management and Conservation
- Farmlands
-Land used to grow ______and ______
-In ______, the U.S. government established a national Farmland ______Program to help state, county and ______governments protect farmland in danger of being paved over or otherwise ______.
- Rangelands
-Lands not used for farming or ______.
- Problems on the Range
-Most damage comes from ______.
Overgrazing – allowing more animals to ______in an area than the range can support.
-Once plants are gone there is nothing to keep the soil from ______.
- Maintaining the Range
-The Public Rangelands Improvement Act of ______was enacted to reverse degradation and ______land management practices.
- Forest Lands
- Harvesting Trees
Clear-cutting – the process of removing _____ of the trees from an area of land.
Selective cutting – the process of cutting and removing only ______- _____ or ______trees.
- Deforestation
Deforestation – the ______of trees from an area without ______them.
- Reforestation
Reforestation – the process by which trees are ______to re-establish trees that have been ______in a forest land.
***Review Question – What is reforestation and why is it important?
- Parks and Preserves
-In the _____’s a group of explorers found a magnificent expanse of land in Wyoming and Montana that they were concerned would be ______by development. Congress agreed to protect the land and the first ______- Yellowstone- was created.
- Wilderness – an area in which the ______and the ______it supports are protected from all ______.
** Reading Check – What are three uses of public lands in the United States?
- Benefits of Protected Areas
-Without national and private parks and preserves, many more species would be ______.
- Threats to Protected Areas
**Review Question – What are some of the problems facing protected areas?