SE Bio.9C – Investigate and identify role of enzymes

Vocabulary

______– a special protein that helps to speed up chemical reactions necessary for life..

______- substance that speeds up the rate of chemical

reaction.

______- chemicals that are transformed with the

help of enzymes (reactants)

______- the energy needed to start a chemical

reaction.

______- a non-covalent complex composed of a

substrate bound to the active site of the

enzyme.

______- the part of an enzyme where substrates bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

______- a substance produced in a chemical reaction.

Characteristics:

1.

2.

3. Chemical reactions such as ______

______, and ______

would be too slow to sustain life without the help of enzymes !

1. The substrate sucrose consists of glucose and fructose

bonded together

2. The substrate binds to the enzyme forming an enzyme

substrate complex.

3. The binding of the substrate and enzyme places stress on

the glucose-fructose bond and the bond breaks.

4. Products are released and the enzyme is free to bind other

Substrates.

______

______

______

______

______must be

______exactly to suit

their own ______

(______and ______)

Most enzymes end in “______”

SUBSTRATE / ENZYME

Catabolic/decomposition chemical reactions - the breakdown of big molecules into smaller ones (______)

Example: ______breaks down starch into maltose.

Anabolic/synthesis chemical reactions - BUILD UP smaller molecules into bigger ones (______)

Example: Phosphorylase builds up glucose(-1 phosphate) into

______.

DENATURATION

Enzymes are made of ______.

Proteins are sensitive to external conditions such a ______

______, and ______

If ______change it can cause the ______

______of an enzyme to change ______

When this happens, the substrate can no longer ______and the enzyme ______.

Temperature & Enzyme Activity

The rate of enzyme activity ______with temperature up to a maximum

(______.) then falls to zero as the enzyme is denatured.

pH & Enzyme Activity

Each enzyme has its own ______of pH in which it will work.

Examples : The enzyme ______only works between pH 1-4 (______)

The enzyme ______only works between pH 8-11 (______)

Where can we find Enzymes?

- used in ______to help digest food

stains. Biological washing powders will only work on ______

or ______.

- used in ______to “pre-digest” the

______.

- used to convert ______into ______

which can then be used by the body for ______.

______- all the chemical reactions taking place

inside living organisms (require ______)

Examples of metabolic reactions: