Science Review for 5th Grade End of Year Test

(GA Milestones)

harmful microorganisms / Germs…bad guys that make us sick, spoil food, or cause disease
beneficial microorganisms / Good guys that can make food, medicine, or help us digest
single-celled organisms / Only one cell…monerans, protists, some fungi
multi-celled organisms / Made up of many cells…plants, animals, some fungi
animal cell / Know these parts and what they do…cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles
plant cell / Know these parts and what they do…cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, chloroplasts
microscope / A tool scientists use to see small things
vertebrate / An animal that has a backbone
invertebrate / An animal that does NOT have a backbone
Groups of vertebrates / fish (scaly skin, cold blood, lays eggs)
amphibian (slimy skin, changes form, lays eggs)
reptile (dry, scaly skin, lays eggs, cold blood)
bird(feathers, lays eggs)
mammal(fur, live birth, milk, warm blood)
Vascular plants / Plants that have tubes that carry water and nutrients to all parts of the plant…
Xylem (goes up) and Phloem (flows down)
Nonvascular plants / Plants that do NOT have tubes to carry nutrients…all water and nutrients are passed from cell to cell and absorbed
Inherited traits / Traits are physical characteristics that have been passed down from parents to offspring…eye color, hair color, skin color, etc.
Learned behaviors / Learned behaviors are behaviors that you have to be taught (you are not born knowing how to do it)…ride a bike, read, play a sport, juggle, etc.
gene / Inside each cell of an organism, inside of each nucleus, is the DNA code that has specific genes in the code that define the inherited traits of that organism.
Mass of an object is equal to the sum of its parts / If you take apart anything, and measure its mass, it will be equal to the mass of that thing put together…

Physical changes / Change is just physical (or mechanical)…meaning the item has not changed into a new substance. If you rip paper up into tiny bits of confetti, it’s still paper, no matter how different it looks!
Change of State / Everything on earth can change state from a solid to a liquid to a gas. It all requires a change in temperature! This is a physical/mechanical change! The substance is still the same substance…just in a new form/state.
Chemical changes / New substances form when 2 or more items combine…rust forms when oxygen, iron, and water combine…foaming occurs when vinegar and baking soda combine…black crust forms when marshmallow and fire combine…if that item can never go back to its original form, a chemical change has happened.
Static electricity / Electricity that forms when there is a buildup of negative charges. Lightening, socks sticking to clothes in the dryer, balloon sticks to hair, shocking a person after walking across a carpet, etc.
Parallel circuit / An electric circuit that runs on more than one path…if one item breaks the connection, the rest of the circuit still works!
Series circuit / An electric circuit that runs on one path…if one item breaks the connection, the entire circuit will not work.
Insulator / A substance that STOPS the flow of electricity.
Conductor / A substance that allows electricity to flow.
electromagnet / A magnet that is created by wrapping wire around an piece of iron and running an electric current through it.
Constructive processes / Earthquakes, faults (convergent, divergent, transform boundaries), volcanoes building islands, rivers forming deltas, wind creating sand dunes, etc.
Destructive processes / Landslides, sinkholes, earthquakes, volcanoes, ocean waves, wind, glaciers
Erosion / Carry it away! Forces that carry sediment away: wind, water, ice
Weathering / Break it down! Forces that cause weathering: wind, water, ice, gravity, pressure, temperature, organisms, etc.
Deposition / Sediment deposits…examples include sand dunes, river deltas, etc.
Impact of Organisms / Plants can weather rocks too…roots can grow and break off big chunks!
Seismological Studies / Study of earthquakes
Flood Control / Dams, levees, storm drains, etc.
Beach Reclamation / Dredging, reefs, barrier islands, etc.