Eight Grade Second Quarter CRT Study Guide 2007-08

This is a guide. It is not the actual test.

Cos # / Question / Answer
4.0 / According to the law of conservation of mass, why is the addition of calcium considered a mistake in a particular chemical equation? / The same kind of atoms in the reactants must occur in the products.
4.0 / Count atoms of hydrogen in a chemical formula.
4.0 / Count atoms of oxygen in a chemical formula.
4.0 / Give examples of chemical reactions? / Burning, digestion, milk souring, baking, rusting, copper pennies turning green
4.0 / Give examples of physical reactions? / Ice melting, tearing paper, breaking pencils, breaking glass, evaporation
4.0 / Given chemical equations, be able to balance them. / Count the number of atoms in the reactants then count the number of atoms in the products. They must equal.
4.0 / Identify subscripts in a chemical equation.
4.0 / Identify the number of atoms in a chemical formula: / Multiply the coefficient by the subscripts
4.0 / What are numbers in front of the symbols and formulas called? / coefficient
4.0 / What are the starting materials in a chemical reaction? / reactants
4.0 / What are the substances formed from a chemical reaction? / products
4.0 / What is a shorthand description of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols called? / Chemical equation
4.0 / What separates the formulas of the reactants from the formulas of the products? / Yield sign
4.0 / What type of reaction occurs when the baking powder is mixed with water and carbon dioxide gas is produced? / Chemical reaction
4.0 / Where do the reactants and products appear in a chemical equation? / Reactants before the arrow, products after the arrow.
4.1 / Given a chemical equation, determine the type of chemical reaction. / Synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, or double-replacement
4.1 / Given a chemical equation, which of the 4 types of chemical reactions is it?
4.1 / Given a reaction with letters representing reactants and products, determine the type of chemical reaction. / Synthesis and decomposition
4.1 / In which type of reaction do ions in two compounds switch places? / Double replacement
4.1 / Water being broken down (decomposed) into the elements hydrogen and oxygen is an example of what type of reaction? / Decomposition reaction
4.1 / What is a decomposition reaction? / A single compound is broken down into simpler substances.
4.1 / What kind of reaction occurs when a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances? / decomposition
4.1 / What kind of reaction occurs when an element takes the place of another element that is part of a compound? / Single replacement
4.1 / What kind of reaction occurs when two or more substances combine to form a single compound? / synthesis
6.0 / A cell has a more salt solution inside. The solution surrounding the cell is has less salt. What can be said of the surrounding solution as compared to the cell solution? / The surrounding solution is hypotonic.
6.0 / How can you increase the amount of oxygen that will dissolve in 100g of water? / increase the pressure of oxygen
6.0 / How can you increase the amount of table sugar that will dissolve in 1 liter of water? / stirring the solution
6.0 / How could a sugar cube be dissolved more quickly in water? / crush the sugar cube
6.0 / One gram of salt is dissolved in one liter of water creating a salt water solution. What is the water portion of the solution called? / solvent
6.0 / What is formed when particles of two or more substances are distributed evenly among each other? / solution
6.0 / What is the movement of water across a membrane known as? / osmosis
6.0 / What is the process by which substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration? / diffusion
6.0 / What is the substance being dissolved in a solution? / solute
6.0 / What is the universal solvent? / water
6.0 / What is true of all solutions? / They are homogeneous.
6.0 / What would happen to a cell in a hypertonic solution? In a hypotonic solution? / it would shrink;
it would expand
6.0 / What would happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution? / It would expand
6.0 / Why can salt dissolve in water? / salt is soluble
6.1 / Given a list of chemical and their pH, which number would represent the lowest pH value? / Strong acid
6.1 / How does an increase in the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution affect the pH. / It lowers it
6.1 / How would you describe human blood with a pH of between 7.38 and 7.42? / Slightly basic
6.1 / Identify a base in a reaction: / NaOH, KOH, etc.
6.1 / Identify the acid in a reaction: / HCL, HF, H2SO4, etc
6.1 / If solution A has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than solution. / Solution A is probably more acidic than solution B.
6.1 / What is a compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water? / an acid
6.1 / What pH does a solution have if it is neutral? / 7.0
6.1 / What type of compound increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolves in water? / base
6.1 / What type of gas can be produced when an acid reacts with a metal? / hydrogen
6.1 / Why do solutions containing acids conduct an electric current? / Acids break apart to form ions in water.
7.0 / The freezing point temperature is the same temperature as which other point during a phase change? / Melting point temperature
7.0 / Through what process does water from a lake enter the atmosphere? / vaporization
7.0 / What are the four most familiar states of matter? / solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
7.0 / If two substances have the same average kinetic energy, what can be said of the two substances? / They have the same temperature.
7.0 / What is added or removed to water to cause a change state? / energy
7.0 / What is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid called? / freezing point
7.0 / What is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid called? / melting point
7.0 / What is the term used to describe changing from a liquid to a gas? / evaporation
7.0 / What is true about atoms in a gaseous state? / They have more energy than the same atoms in a liquid state.
7.0 / Which of the following best describes the particles of a solid? / The particles are closely packed and vibrate in place.
7.0 / Which state of matter does not change shape in different containers? / solid
7.0 / Why does water form on the outside of a glass of cold lemonade? / condensation
7.1 / Enzymes in your body act as catalysts. Thus, what is the role of enzymes in your body? / increase the rate of chemical reactions
7.1 / How does a catalyst affect the rate of a reaction? / lowers the activation
7.1 / If given samples of baking soda in a powder, small cube, and small crystal form, which would react the fastest with vinegar? / powder
7.1 / What are ways to increase the rate of a reaction? / Grinding a solid reactant into a powder, stirring, increasing temperature, etc
7.1 / What happens to the reaction rate when reactant particles are able to collide more often and with more energy? / The reaction rate increases
7.1 / What is a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed? / endothermic
7.1 / What is a chemical reaction in which energy is released or removed? / exothermic
7.1 / What is a substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction called? / an inhibitor
7.1 / What is the minimum amount of energy needed for substances to react called? / activation energy
7.1 / What type of chemical reaction can continue to occur once it has begun? / exothermic reaction
7.1 / What type of chemical reaction requires a continuous supply of energy? / endothermic reaction
7.1 / Give an example of the use of activation energy? / Answers will vary