Science 10 – Climate Review NG #2

For this unit examination, you should be able to:

  • calculate heat of fusion Hfus= Q/nand vaporization Hvap= Q/n, and thermal energy

Q = mcΔt, and link these processes to the hydrologic cycle

  • calculate total energy changes for a substance undergoing both temperature changes and phase changes
  • describe a biome as an open system in terms of input and output of energy and matter and exchanges at its boundaries
  • relate the characteristics of two major biomes (i.e., grasslands, desert, tundra, taiga, deciduous rain forest) to net radiant energy, climatic factors (temperature, moisture, sunlight and wind) and topography (mountain ranges, large bodies of water)
  • analyze the climatographs of two major biomes (i.e., grasslands, desert, tundra, taiga, deciduous and rainforest) and explain why biomes with similar characteristics can exist in different geographical locations, latitudesand altitudes
  • identify the potential effects of climate change on environmentally sensitive biomes (e.g., impact of areduction in the Arctic ice pack on local species)
  • investigate and identify human actions affecting biomes that have a potential to change climate (e.g.,emission of greenhouse gases, draining of wetlands, forest fires, deforestation) and critically examine the evidencethat these factors play a role in climate change (e.g., global warming, rising sea level(s))
  • identify evidence to investigate past changes in Earth’s climate (e.g., ice core samples, tree ring analysis)
  • describe and evaluate the role of science in furthering the understanding of climate and climate changethrough international programs (e.g.,the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change [IPCC])
  • describe the role of technology in measuring, modeling and interpreting climate and climate change (e.g.,computer models, devices to take measurements of greenhouse gases, satellite imaging technology)
  • describe the limitations of scientific knowledge and technology in making predictions related to climate andweather (e.g., predicting the direct and indirect impacts on Canada’s agriculture, forestry and oceans of climatechange, or from changes in energy transfer systems, such as ocean currents and global wind patterns)
  • assess, from a variety of perspectives, the risks and benefits of human activity, and its impact on thebiosphere and the climate (e.g., analyze various perspectives on reducing the impact of human activity on the globalclimate)
  1. Which adaptation is common in animals that live in the desert biome?
  1. nocturnal (night) behavior
  2. store water in their stems and leaves
  3. fur color that changes with the seasons
  4. low surface area compared with their body volume
  1. In which biome do the organisms have little need to adapt to temperature variations?
  1. Desert
  2. Grassland
  3. Temperate forest
  4. Tropical rain forest

Use the following information to answer the next question

  1. Which two months show the greatest amount of precipitation?
  1. November and December
  2. January and February
  3. July and August
  4. June and July
  1. How will the biomes of Alberta likely change with the predicted climate change for the prairies?
  1. grassland will be greatly reduced
  2. grassland will be more widespread
  3. taiga will be converted into tundra biome
  4. tundra boundaries would move southward

Use the following information to answer the next question

Characteristic of Biome
1few/ no trees, plants with extensive root system, grazer animals dominant
2> 200 cm/ year precipitation, broad-leaved trees with animals in the canopy or floor
3dominant species of plants are cone-bearing evergreens that minimize water loss with needles
4precipitation < 25 cm/year, little plant life, large variation in temperature between day and night

Numerical Response

1. Match the characteristic of the biome above, with the correct biome named below.

Characteristic: ______

Biome: tropical rain forest taiga grassland desert

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical response section on the answer sheet.)

Use the following information to answer the next question

Specific Heat Capacity Formula Variables
1Specific heat capacity
2Quantity of Thermal Energy
3Mass
4Change in Temperature

Numerical Response

2. Match the formula variable above, with the correct formula unit below.

Answer: ______

Unit: g J/g °C °C J

(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical response section on the answer sheet.)

  1. What is the mass of a sample of water if its temperature drops by 25.2°C when it loses 820 J of energy?
  1. 4.93 × 103 g
  2. 86.1 g
  3. 7.77 g
  4. 0.129 g

Use the following information to answer the next question

Specific Heat Capacities of Selected Substances

Substance / Specific Heat Capacity (J/g·°C)
Water / 4.19
Air / 1.01
Granite / 0.79
Methanol(methyl alcohol) / 2.55
  1. Which substance heats up the most quickly?
  1. Water
  2. Air
  3. Granite
  4. Methanol

Use the following information to answer the question.

Gold Hotel at the Seaside – Today’s forecast:
Daytime high temperature 29°C
Nighttime low temperature 26°C / Dunes Desert Hotel – Today’s forecast:
Daytime high temperature 42°C
Nighttime low temperature 11°C
  1. Dry air in the desert has an average specific heat capacity of 1.01J/g·°C. How much heat is lost by each kilogram of air in the desert as the air temperature drops from its daytime high to its nighttime low?
  1. 3.1 × 104 J
  2. 11000J
  3. 31J
  4. 0.011 J
  1. The quantity of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface as a result of ozone loss is
  1. decreased and could decrease average global temperature
  2. decreased and could increase average global temperature
  3. increased and could decrease average global temperature
  4. increased and could increase average global temperature

Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

  1. Which row in the following table best describes section IV of the graph?

Row / Heat movement / Temperature change in surrounding air / Equivalent process in hydrologic cycle
A. / Thermal energy is released by water / No change / Condensation
B. / Thermal energy is released by water / Temperature decreases / Evaporation
C. / Thermal energy is absorbed by water. / Temperature decrease / Evaporation
D. / Thermal energy is absorbed by water. / No change / Condensation
  1. Which section of the graph represents the process in which snow begins to form large puddles of water on roadways?
  1. Section I
  2. SectionII
  3. Section III
  4. Section IV

Use the following information to answer the next question

Goals of Some Major International Climate Agreements
1develop a framework for future agreements on climate change
2phase out the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
3reduce the emission of carbon dioxide
4reduce the production of the greenhouse gas, methane

Numerical Response

3. Match the goal of the climate agreement above, with the correct agreement below.

Answer: ______

Unit: UNFCCC Montreal Protocol Kyoto Protocol

(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical response section on the answer sheet.)

  1. Some countries are opposed to the Kyoto Protocol because they believe
  1. an increase in production of greenhouse gases would lead to decreased economic growth
  2. an increase in production of greenhouse gases would lead to increased economic growth
  3. a decrease in production of greenhouse gases would lead to decreased economic growth
  4. a decrease in production of greenhouse gases would lead to increased economic growth
  1. Shrinking tundra and taiga biomes would mean
  1. less habitat and a lower risk of extinction
  2. less habitat and a higher risk of extinction
  3. more habitat and a lower risk of extinction
  4. more habitat and a higher risk of extinction

Written Response Instructions:

  • Write your responses in the examination booklet as neatly as possible.
  • For full marks, your responses must address allaspects of the question. When writing balanced equations, be sure to include all required information.
  • Descriptions and/or explanations of concepts must include pertinent ideas, diagrams, calculations, and formulas.
  • Your responses must be presented in a well-organized manner using complete sentences, correct units, and correct significant digits where appropriate.
  • Relevant scientific, technological, and/or societal concepts and examples must be identified and made explicit.

Written Response—11 marks

1. A piece of copper metal that had a mass of 15 g was dropped into a cup of hot water. It underwent a temperature change of 15°C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 1.50 J/g·°C. Determine the quantity of thermal energy added to the copper.(2 marks)

2. A 200 g substance has 5.0 kJ of energy added to it. It caused the temperature to increase by 30°C. Determine the specific heat capacity of the substance.(2 marks)

3.Calculate the amount of ice, in moles, at 0.0°C that can be melted by the addition of 15.0 kJ of thermal energy.(2 marks)

4. Determine the total amount of energy required to heat up a 100 g sample of ice from

–10.0°C to its boiling point. (5marks)