Safety Data Sheet Template
SECTION 1: Identification of the substance and of the company/undertaking
Date drawn up: 17/03/2011
Date of latest revision:31/08/2011
Version number:1
1.1. Product identifier
Name of the substance:Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
Brand name: DRI - B
N° CAS:7439-89-6
N° EINECS:231-096-4
Reach status:Mono Constituent Substance
Company:…………
…………
………….
Website:………….
Legal Entities / REACH Registration Numbers…..
1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
The main use of DRI is: Iron and Steel Production
See section 16 for description of Process category (PROC).
1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet
Department supplying safety information:………….
......
………….
E-mail:………………..
1.4. Emergency telephone number
Emergency number: …….
……..
Emergency Fax:………..
SECTION 2: Hazards identification
2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture
This substance is not classified dangerous in the meaning of the European 67/548/EEC Directive and the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Effects on human health:The principal risk to human health presented by “iron” dust is related to the concentration of dust in the air acting as a nuisance dust. The higher the concentration of dust the greater the risk of irritation to the respiratory system and mechanical irritation to the eyes
Skin contact:Risk of mechanical irritation
Eye contact:Mechanical irritation to the eyes.
Inhalation:Risk of irritation to the respiratory system.
See heading 11.
Ingestion:None
Effects on environment: This substance is not classified dangerous in the meaning of the European 67/548/EEC Directive and the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
2.2. Label elements
Not applicable.
2.3. Other hazards
Not applicable.
SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
3.1. Substances
Description: Direct Reduced Iron [DRI] is a highly porous material, black grey metallic, formed by the reduction (removal of oxygen) of iron ore at temperatures below the fusion point of iron. For the purposes of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) code, DRI is designated as “DRI B”. This template does not cover Hot Briquetted Iron (“DRI A”) or DRI/HBI fines (“DRI C”).
Chemical composition:
Degree of purity: > 80.0 % (w/w)
Constituent / Typical concentrationIron
EC no.: 231-096-4 / > 80.0 % (w/w)
Impurities
Impurity / Typical concentrationCarbon
EC no.: 231-153-3 / < 6.0 % (w/w)
Silicon
EC no.: 231-130-8 / < 5.0 % (w/w)
Manganese
EC no.: 231-105-1 / < 2.0 % (w/w)
Phosphorus
EC no.: 231-768-7 / < 2.0 % (w/w)
Sulphur
EC no.: 231-722-6 / < 0.4 % (w/w)
SECTION 4: First aid measures
4.1. Description of first aid measures
Eye contact:Wash immediately with plenty of water, by maintaining the eyelids open. Consult a specialist in the event of disorders.
Inhalation:In the event of accident by inhalation, move the victim away from the contaminated area, taking all necessary precautions, and make him rest. In the event of unconsciousness, put the victim on his side in the recovery position while waiting for medical help. In the event of respiratory disorders, provide respiratory assistance while waiting for medical help.Seek medical advice.
Ingestion:Do not provoke vomiting. Rinse the victim’s mouth (only if the person is conscious). Seek medical advice.
Skin contact:May cause mechanical irritation in contact with the skin, which can result in slight redness.
Rescuer Protection:Wear compulsory dust protection mask and glasses.
Specific first aids:None.
4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The principal risk to human health presented by “iron” dust is related to the concentration of dust in the air acting as a nuisance dust. The higher the concentration of dust the greater the risk of irritation to the respiratory system and mechanical irritation to the eyes
4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
See 4.1 above.
SECTION 5: Fire fighting measures
The temperature of DRI has a tendency to increase in the presence of oxygen either in the air or in water (e.g. through being wetted during transport and storage). When the temperature increases to over 150°C, self-heating occurs, with evolution of gaseous hydrogen when in contact with water, especially sea water.
5.1. Extinguishing media
Use extinguishing media appropriate to other substances stored in close proximity.
Suitable extinguishing process:
- Wear fire protective clothing; self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and carry a portable oxygen detector.
- Wear non-sparking footwear.
- Avoid all sources of ignition.
- Remove the hot material from the affected pile of DRI. On a ship, a clamshell bucket/grab may be used.
- All firemen must be informed that in the storage facilities inert gases (such as nitrogen) may be present.
- Early introduction of an inert gas to a smouldering pile of DRI may be effective.
- Divide hot material into small piles spread out to a depth of less than 0.5 m. The material will quickly cool to below the ignition point. In case this is not practical e.g. in a hold of a ship, coverage using a non-oxidising material (e.g. sand, or finely crushed slag) could be used to smother the fire and inhibit the air supply (the decision on whether or not to apply this technique would depend on circumstances of the emergency as the DRI would become contaminated).
- If water is used:
1) Use large amount of water to flood the material
2) Provide adequate ventilation to allow any gaseous hydrogen generated to escape to atmosphere.
- In case of fire, evacuate the area and contact the emergency services.
- Seek expert advice. Contact the supplier or shipper.
- Emergency Schedule to follow for packaged material: GOLF, as per IMDG Code
Unsuitable extinguishing media:
- Do not use CO2 as CO may be formed. Do not use dry chemical.
- DO NOT USE EITHER FRESH WATER OR SEAWATER TO COOL DOWN HOT MATERIAL in enclosed spaces such a cargo hold on a ship, unless strictly necessary to keep integrity of vessel and under Master’s expertise.
5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
May produce toxic fumes when heated to decomposition (1,535 °C).
5.3. Advice for fire-fighters
Implement protection measures appropriate to substances stored in close proximity. Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face piece operated in pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode and full protective clothing. Do not breathe vapours and move upwind of the cloud of fumes.
5.4. Other information
Recover extinguished substance and extinguishing medium for appropriate treatment.
Contaminated waste resulting from fire fighting operations must be disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations.
SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Material in bulk: Collect and reuse where possible. Avoid creating dust.
Material in packaged form: Ventilate area if spilled into enclosed space. Use protective equipment as specified in Section 8 below. Pick-up and place in a suitable container for reclamation or disposal.
Emergency Schedule to follow for spillage of packaged material: November / Oscar / Papa, as per IMDG Code.
6.2. Environmental precautions
Do not release into sewers or waterways.
6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up
Fine, dry, cool materials should be removed by vacuuming or wet sweeping methods to prevent spreading of dust.
Collect material in appropriate, labelled containers for recovery or disposal in accordance with local regulations. Any excess product should be recycled for further use, disposed in an appropriately permitted waste landfill, or disposed by other methods, which are in accordance with local regulations.
6.4. Reference to other sections
Not applicable
SECTION 7: Handling and storage
7.1. Precautions for safe handling
The material shall be kept dry at all times. Any material that has been wetted, or thought to have been wetted, shall not be loaded aboard maritime vessels (per IMSBC Code for DRI B).
7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
All firemen must be warned that inert gases (such as nitrogen) may be present in the storage facilities.
Storage of DRI inside Silos/Bins
- Storage silos/bins must be covered and protected against water ingress, e.g. rain and flooding.
- DRI silos/bins must be equipped with a nitrogen/dry seal gas purging system to pressurise and enable gas flow throughout the silo/bin, when DRI is present. The available capacity of nitrogen/seal gas for emergency use should be sufficient to cool down the entire silo/bin.
- Silos/bins and hoppers must be designed for complete discharge, with adequate bottom wall slopes to ensure that no material remains.
- Hydrogen probes should be installed at the highest level inside the silos/bins, connected to control rooms and monitored by operators. Any abnormal increase in hydrogen, coincident with a rise in temperature rise should be considered as very serious.
- Temperature sensors to monitor the internal temperature of the material should be installed in at least three levels of the silo/bin and connected to the control room for monitoring by operators.
- In the case of any re-oxidation activity inside the silos/bins, normally first the temperature rises, then in the advanced stages of the re-oxidation the hydrogen level in the silo/bin increases also.
- In case of re-oxidation occurs and the DRI temperature rises above 65°C (150 °F), increased nitrogen flow will bring down the temperature. The time needed to stabilise the temperature with high nitrogen flow could amount to hours or days, depending on the conditions.
- In case the DRI temperature rises above 100°C (212 °F) and elevated hydrogen levels are present, it is better to block or isolate the silo/bin at the top and bottom (always leave a small venting aperture at the top in order to avoid gas pressure build up inside the silo/bin) and increase the flow of nitrogen. Wait until re-oxidation ceases and then empty the silo/bin.
Storage of DRI inside a warehouse and in open piles
- In all cases, it is recommended to have separate piles with limited height, maximum 5 metres.
- The piles should be accessible by personnel and front-end loader for inspection and, in case of emergency, to enable hot material to be removed.
- Temperature of DRI in the piles should be monitored daily using thermocouples (300 cm in length), measuring inside the DRI pile at different locations. In case of any re-oxidation activity with a temperature increase to more than 65°C (150 °F) in some areas (hot spots), the affected area should be isolated from the rest.
- Covered warehouses for storing DRI should have good ventilation systems or allow for sufficient natural draft of air through the entire warehouse.
- When DRI is stacked in the open air for a protracted period, it is recommended that the pile is coveredwith an impermeable barrier, such as a plastic sheet.
7.3. Specific end use(s)
Not applicable.
SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1. Control parameters
Exposure limit values in mg/m3 [1]
Substance / United Kingdom – EL* / United States – ACGIH – TLV*W* –TWA* / W* – ST* / TWA* / ST* or C*
Dust / 10(I) – 4(R) / - / - / 10(I) – 3(R)
Fe2O3 / 5 (fume) as Fe / 10 (fume) as Fe / 5(R) / -
Manganese as Mn / 0.5 / - / 0.2 / -
Silicon / 10(I) – 4(R) / -- / 10
(withdrawn in 2006) / -
Amorphous silica (SiO2) / 6(I) – 2.4(R) / - / 2(R)
(withdrawn in 2006) / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / 1 / 2 / - / -
Carbon Monoxide / 35 / 232 / 29 / -
Carbon Dioxide / 9150 / 27400 / 9150 / 54800
Sulphur dioxide / 2 / 5
NIC: 0.25ppm
Substance / United States – California – EL* / United States – Michigan – EL*
P* / ST* / C* / TWA* / ST* / C*
Dust / 10 – 5(R) / - / - / 15 – 5(R) / - / -
Fe2O3 as Iron / 5 (fume) / - / - / 10 (fume) / - / -
Manganese as Mn / 0.2 (fume and compounds) / 3 (fume) / - / 1 (fume) / 3 (fume) / 5 (compounds)
Silicon / 10 – 5(R) / - / - / 10 – 5(R) / - / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / 6 – 3(R) / - / - / 6 / - / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / - / - / - / - / - / -
Carbon Monoxide / 29 / - / 232 / 40 / - / 229
Carbon Dioxide / 9000 / 54000 / - / 18000 / 54000 / -
Sulphur dioxide / 5 / 10 / - / 5 / 10 / -
Substance / United States – Minnesota – EL* / United States – Washington – EL*
P* / ST* / C* / TWA* / ST* / C*
Dust / 15 – 5(R) / - / - / 15 – 5(R) / 20 – 10(R) / -
Fe2O3
as Iron / 10 (fume)
Total particulate / - / - / 5
(dust and fume) / 10
(dust and fume)
Total particulate / -
Manganese
as Mn / 1 (fume) / 3 (fume) / 5 (compounds) / 1 (fume) / 3 (fume) / 5 (compounds)
Silicon / 10 – 5(R) / - / - / 10 – 5(R) / 20 – 10(R) / -
Amorphous
silica(SiO2) / 6 / - / - / 6 / 12 / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / - / - / - / - / - / -
Carbon
Monoxide / 40 / - / 229 / 40 / 232 (5min) / 1740
Carbon
Dioxide / 18000 / 54000 / - / 9150 / 54800 / -
Sulphur dioxide / 5 / 13 / - / 2ppm / 5ppm / -
Substance / United States –EL* (OSHA) / United States – EL* (NIOSH)
P* – TWA* / P* – C* / R* – TWA* / R* – ST*
Dust / 15 – 5(R) / - / - / -
Fe2O3 / 10 (fume) / - / 5 (fume and dust)
Manganese
as Mn / - / 5
(fume and compounds) / 1
(fume and compounds) / 3
(fume and compounds)
Silicon / 15 – 5(R) / - / 10 – 5(R) / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / - / - / 6 / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / - / - / - / -
Carbon Monoxide / 55 / - / 40 / 229C
Carbon Dioxide / 9000 / - / 9000 / 54000
Sulphur dioxide / 13 / - / 5 / 13
Substance / Canada – Quebec / Ireland –EL*
VMEP* / VECD/P* / TWA* / ST*
Dust / 10 / - / 4 (R) – 10 (I) / -
Fe2O3 as Iron / 5 (fume and dust) / - / 5 (fumes) / 10 (fume)
Manganese as Mn / 1 (fume); 5 (dust and compounds) / 3 (fume) / 1 (fume); 0.2 (compounds) / 3 (fume)
Silicon / 10 / - / 10 – 4(R) / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / 2 (fumes) / - / 6 – 2.4(R) / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / - / - / - / 2
Carbon Monoxide / 40 / 230 / 23 / 115
Carbon Dioxide / 9000 / 54000 / 9000 / 27000
Sulphur dioxide / 5.2 / 13 / 5 / 13
Substance / Canada – Alberta – EL* / Canada – Ontario – EV*
TWA* / ST* / C* / TWA* / ST* / C*
Dust / - / - / - / 10 (I) – 3(R) / - / -
Fe2O3 / 5 (R) / - / - / 5 (R) / - / -
Manganese as Mn / 0.2 / - / - / 0.2 / - / -
Silicon / - / - / - / 10 / - / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / - / - / - / 2(R) (fume) / - / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / - / - / - / - / - / -
Carbon Monoxide / 29 / - / - / 29 / 115 / -
Carbon Dioxide / 9000 / - / - / 9000 / 54000 / -
Sulphur dioxide / 5.2 / 13 / - / 5.2 / 13 / -
Substance / France / Belgium
VME / VLE / VL / VCD
Dust / 10(I) – 5(A) / - / 10(I) – 3(A) / -
Fe2O3 as Fe / 5 / - / 5 / -
Manganese as Mn / 10 / - / 10 / -
Silicon / - / - / 2(A) / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / 1 / - / 1 / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / 55 / - / 29 / -
Carbon Monoxide / 9000 / - / 9131 / 54784
Carbon Dioxide / 3.25 / - / 3.25 / -
Sulphur dioxide / 5 / 10 / 4.5 / -
Substance / Switzerland / Luxembourg
VME / VLE / VL / VCD
Dust / 10(I) – 3(A) / - / - / -
Fe2O3 / 3(A) as iron oxides / - / - / -
Silicon / 3(A) / - / - / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / 0,3 (A) (fumes) / - / - / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / 2 (I) / 4 (I) / 1 / -
Carbon Monoxide / 35 / 35 / - / -
Carbon Dioxide / - / - / 5000 / -
Sulphur dioxide / 1.3 / 1.3 / - / -
Substance / Germany
AGW / MAK / TRK
Dust / 10(I) – 3(A) / - / -
Fe2O3 as Fe / - / - / -
Silicon / - / - / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / 4E / - / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / - / 2R / -
Carbon Monoxide / 35 / - / -
Carbon Dioxide / 9100 / - / -
Sulphur dioxide / - / - / -
Substance / Austria
MAK / TRK / TRK/MAK
TMW / ZMW / TMW / ZMW / J
Dust / - / - / - / - / -
Fe2O3 / 10E, 5A / 20E, 10A / - / - / -
Silicon / - / - / - / - / -
Amorphous silica(SiO2) / 4E / - / - / - / -
Phosphorus as P2O5 / 1 E / 2E / - / - / -
Carbon Monoxide / 33 / 66 / - / - / -
Carbon Dioxide / 9000 / 18000 / - / - / -
Sulphur dioxide / - / - / - / - / -
Abbreviations:
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
VEMP: Valeur d'Exposition Moyenne Pondérée
VECD/P: Valeur plafond
EV: Exposure Value
EL: Exposure Limit
P: Permissible
R: Recommended
W: Workplace
TWA: Time-Weighted Average
ST: Short-Term
C: Ceiling
NIC: Note of Intended Changes
VME : Valeur Moyenne d'Exposition
VLE : Valeur Limite d’Exposition
VL: Valeur Limite
VCD: Valeur courte durée
AGW: Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert – Deutschland seit 2006.
TRK: Technische Richtkonzentration – Deutschland bis zu 2005 und Österreichische Republik
MAK: Maximale ArbeitsplatzKonzentration – Deutschland bis zu 2005 und Österreichische Republik
Deutschland: Mit Inkrafttreten der GefStoffV am 23.12.2004 entfallen TRK-Werte. Als Orientierungswert werden dennoch die TRK-Werte und die MAK-Werte der alten GefStoffV angegeben.
TMW: Tagesmittelwert
KZW: MAK-Wert, Kurzzeitwerte
J: Jahresmittelwert
(A): alveolar fraction; (I): inhalable fraction; (R): respirable fraction
DN(M)ELs for workers
Long-term - local effects / Inhalation / DNEL: 3 mg/m³DN(M)ELs for the general population
Long-term - systemic effects / Oral / DNEL: 0.71 mg/kg bw/dayLong-term - local effects / Inhalation / DNEL: 1.5 mg/m³[2]
Note:
* LD50: Lethal Dose 50: it is the amount of a solid or liquid material that it takes to kill 50% of test animals in one dose and in short time
* DNEL: Derived No Effect Level
* LOAEL: Low Observed Adverse Effect Level
* NOAEC: No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration
PNEC
A PNEC for iron is not required by REACH as the substance is non-hazardous. Further, calculation of a PNEC is difficult due to the rapid speciation changes and precipitation of iron that occurs in natural surface waters.
8.2. Exposure controls
Respiratory Protection:When fume or dust is generated, provide adequate general ventilation to ensure that the Occupational Exposure Limits are not exceeded. If necessary provide local fume extraction, with the correct capture hood and capture velocity to match the conditions.
As the last resort, suitable respiratory protective equipment should be provided for use by those at risk from inhalation of fumes:During handling dust may be generated and if ventilation is inadequate, the use of an FFP2 (EN 149:2001) type respirator is advisable.
Hand Protection:Use of canvas gloves is advisable.
Eye Protection:During handling (e.g. loading, unloading, cutting, etc.), dust may be generated, and the use of safety goggles is therefore advisable.
Skin/body Protection:Personal protective equipment should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved.
Emergency facilities:Safety showers. Eye wash station.
Other information:Wearsafety shoes.
Environmental exposure controls:Do not dispose directly into the sewer or into the natural environment.
Hygiene measures:Avoid contact with skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Don’t eat or drink when working with DRI. Shower after work.
Wash hands, in particular before eating.
SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance: Lumps and pellets: typical particle size range 6.35mm to 25mm. Black grey/metallic in colour.
Odour:No detectable odour.
Important health, safety and environmental information
pH:Not relevant.
Melting point: 1150 to 1538 °C dependent upon the carbon content at 1013 hPa
Boiling point/boiling range:2861 °C at 101 325 Pa
Flash point:Not relevant.
Flammability (solid, gas):Non-flammable.
Based on chemical structure, flammability in contact with water is not likely.
Explosive properties:Not relevant.
Oxidising properties:Not relevant.
Vapour pressure:Not relevant.
Surface tension: Not relevant.
Relative density:approx. 7.80 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Bulk density: 1750 - 2000kg/m3
Stability in organic solvents and
identity of relevant degradation
products:Not relevant.
Water solubility:Iron powder is insoluble at 22°C. Metallic iron rapidly oxidizes to form Fe(II), then Fe(II) slowly oxidizes to Fe(III) which finally precipitates as Fe(OH)3 (rust red iron oxide)
Value used for CSA[3]: 0.015 mg/L at 22 °C
Partition Coefficient n-octanol/water:Not relevant.
Viscosity:Not relevant.
Vapour density:Not relevant.
Evaporation rate: Not relevant.
Radioactivity:None in all cases.
Self-ignition temperatureNot auto flammable. Wet DRI in an oxidising atmosphere can satisfy all the conditions of a fire hazard. However, the standard, conventional test conditions for self-heating and reaction with water do not accurately reflect actual industrial conditions. DRI is not classified for self-heating and reaction with water.
9.2. Other information
Not applicable.
SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
10.1. Reactivity
Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.
Chlorine trifluoride reacts with iron with incandescence.
Under certain conditions DRI may react with oxygen and water (oxidation reactions).
10.2. Chemical stability
Under certain conditions DRI may react with oxygen and water (oxidation reactions).