11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century.
RUSH Reading Ch. 10 Chapter 10 America Claims an Empire
Pages 340-369
Chapter 10 Section 1 “Imperialism and America”
Pages 342-345
- Do you think Imperialism was an appropriate desire on the part of the US at the turn of the century (1900)?
- Global competition, why did American want to control foreign lands?
- Do you think Admiral Alfred T. Mahan’s ideas about Naval power are still valid today? Explain.
- How did Hawaii become a part of the United States?
- According to the text what was the main purpose for Imperialism?
- What should we know about Alaska?
- Identify three topics that you would like to discuss from the section you’ve read. What do you find interesting about them?
Chapter 10 Section 2 “The Spanish American War”
Pages 346-351
- Read this section and outline the important aspects of the Spanish American War.
- Identify three discussion topics regarding the Spanish American War. Why are these topics particularly important to discuss?
- Debate over the Treaty of Paris, why did some people not want the Annexation of the Philippines?
- Summarize the Cartoon on page 351.
Chapter 10 Section 3 “Acquiring New Lands”
Pages 352-358
- Summarize issues regarding Puerto Rico including the Foraker Act.
- Are people in Puerto Rico American Citizens?
- Did the United States have any role in Cuba after the war?
- Outline the story of the Filipino Rebels.
- Outline the Boxer Rebellion.
Chapter 10 Section 4 “America As a World Power”
Pages 359-365
- How was the creation of the country of Panama suspicious that the US “stole” the land?
- How did Teddy Roosevelt win a Nobel Prize?
- Many people in Latin America claim that the United States has a history of interfering in the affairs of Latin countries. Is this true? Use details from the reading to prove your point.
- Do you think Roosevelt was correct in creating the “Big Stick Policy” and the Roosevelt Corollary?
- Was President Wilson justified in sending troops to fight Pancho Villa? Explain.
- Economic Imperialism is the use of economic power to control foreign countries. Elements of economic imperialism include the use of: loans, business investments, buying lands, bribery, opening businesses and factories. This was also called “Dollar Diplomacy.”? Do you think economic imperialism causes countries to follow US instructions and implement American interests?
Key Terms To Know and Memorize
Early American Imperialism- Americans Want Hawaii
- Sanford Dole
- Pearl Harbor
- Queen Liliuokalani-
- Annexation
- Social Darwinism
- Secretary of State William Seward
- Seward’s Folly
- Admiral Alfred T. Mahan- Imperialism
- President William McKinley
- Jose Marti-
- Yellow Journalism-
- William Randolph Hearst-
- Joseph Pulitzer-
- De Lome Letter
- USS Maine
- “Remember the Maine”
- US Attacks Philippines
- Commodore George Dewey
- US Invades Cuba
- Theodore Roosevelt-
- “Rough Riders”,
- “San Juan Hill”
- Treaty of Paris:
- Puerto Rico
- Guam
- Philippines
- Teller Amendment (pre-war)
- Platt Amendment-
- Protectorate
- Anti-Imperialist League
- Grover Cleveland
- Mark Twain
- Andrew Carnegie
- Jane Addams
- Philippine Insurgency
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Open Door Policy 1899-1900
Effects
- China at the End of 19th Century
- Spheres of Influence
- President William McKinley
- Secretary of State John Hay
- Boxer Rebellion 1900
- “Society of Devine Fists”
- 1901 President Theodore Roosevelt takes office
- Russo-Japanese War 1904-06
- Treaty of Portsmouth 1906
- Nobel Peace Prize
- Gentlemen’s Agreement (link)
- Panama Canal-
- Philippe Bunau-Varilla
- Colombia
- Panamanian “Revolution”
- Roosevelt and the Panama Canal-
- The Monroe Doctrine
- The Roosevelt Corollary
- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
- Big Stick Policy
- Central America, Caribbean,
- President William Howard Taft 1908-1912
- Dollar Diplomacy
- President Woodrow Wilson 1912-1920
- Moral Diplomacy/Missionary Diplomacy-
- MexicanRevolution
- Porfirio Díaz
- Francisco Madero 1911-
- 1912 General Victoriano Huerta –
- US Intervention in Mexico
- Occupation of Vera Cruz
- Venustiano Carranza 1915- Wilson recognized this government
- Francisco “Pancho” Villa
- Emiliano Zapata
- General John J. Pershing
Background Ideas:
- America is growing power militarily and economically
- Industrial Power- producing large amounts of goods in factories
- Most leading countries in the world have colonies that support trade and economic development example: Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Russia, Japan
- Imperialism (one country controlling another) is considered a very appropriate and popular use of power
- Beginning in the late 19th Century 1880s United States is late in the competition for colonies and the focus is the Pacific
- American Business leaders support trade and acquiring territory in order to sell more American goods
- Politicians in the US support trade and acquiring territory
- US gains territory in the Pacific
- Hawaii, and Samoa are acquired first
- Philippines andGuam are acquired from Spanish American War
Notes:
Americans Want Hawaii
Hawaii- American business interests
Sanford Dole- plantation owner, sugar and pineapple
Pearl Harbor
Good for stopping point of American Ships on way to China
Queen Liliuokalani- Queen of Hawaii
Leading American Imperialist:
William Seward Secretary of State for President Lincoln late President Johnson
Purchased Alaska 1867 from Russians for 7.2 Million
Seward’s Folly
Admiral Alfred T, Mahan- advocate the creation of strong Navy to support Imperialism
President William McKinley supports annexation of Hawaii
President during the Spanish American War
Assassinated by anarchist in 1901
Spanish American War
Chapter 10 Section 2 “The Spanish American War”
Pages 346-351
Basics:
Jose Marti-
Cuban nationalist wanted Cuba to be independent from Spain
Was afraid of United States control of Cuba
Yellow Journalism-
William Randolph Hearst-
Publisher of newspapers, supported war with Spain
New York Journal
Joseph Pulitzer-
Publisher of newspapers, supported war with Spain
De Lome Letter- Spanish minister to US wrote a letter criticizing McKinley
Published in Yellow Press
Angers Americans and more support for war
USS MaineExplodes-
US blames Spain, really an accident, “Remember the Maine”
US Declares War
US Attacks Philippines
Commodore George Dewey
US Invades Cuba
Theodore Roosevelt-
Volunteers, creates his own cavalry unit the “Rough Riders”, fights in Cuba, becomes a hero charging up “San Juan Hill”
Treaty of Paris: Americans Win, take Puerto Rico, Guam,
Platt Amendment- to the Cuban Constitution
Limits the independence of Cuba
Making Treaties with other countries
Allowing the right of the US to intervene in Cuba
Limiting Cuba’s ability to go into Debt
Allowing US to create naval bases in Cuba (Guantanamo)
Protectorate-
US takes the responsibility of maintaining Cuba’s independence and has some control in Cuba
Philippines
Filipinos Rebel against the US control
US does not allow Philippines Independence
US controls Philippines as a colony-
To be given independence when the Filipinos are ready for independence
Insurgency war is fought 20,000 Filipinos killed, 4,000 Americans
Emilio Aguinaldo- Filipino RebelLeader
Anti-Imperialist League
Some Americans are against Imperialism:
William JenningsBryan
Democrat, presidential candidate
Grover Cleveland
Former president
Mark Twain
Author and commentator
Andrew Carnegie
Industrialist, capitalist, Philanthropist
Jane Addams
Progressive Social Worker,
Activity:
Nationalist Voice: Puerto Rico
To the people of the USA:
"You, citizens of a free fatherland, with its own laws, its own institutions, and its own flag, can appreciate the unhappiness of the small and solitary people that must await its laws from your authority…. When you acquire the certainty that you can found in Puerto Rico a republic like that founded in Cuba and Panama… give us our independence and you will stand before humanity as…. A great creator of new nationalities and a great liberator of oppressed peoples."
From: Luis Munoz Rivera (Puerto Rican Businessman and Patriot)
Write a letter as an American Voter.
What would you say to this person to either criticize or justify American foreign policy toward weak countries?
Chapter 10 Section 3 “Acquiring New Lands” (pg 356-357)
Open Door Policy 1899-1900
Purposes
Effects
China 19th Century
Weak
Divided
Trade is important for China- lots of Natural Resources
Spheres of Influence
European powers and Japan control areas both politically and for trade purposes
Germany
France
England
Japanese
Americans
Americans want to strengthen and improve their holdings
American don’t want to be excluded from all parts of China
William McKinley President
John Hay is the Secretary of State creates the Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy says:
Starts as Open Door Notes
There should be free trade in China
No power should be excluded from trade in all parts of China
Boxer Rebellion 1900
“Society of Devine Fists”
Chinese nationalists respond to foreign influence by attacking foreigners
Results of Open Door
Not much change
China still weak
US is becoming stronger nation
11. 4.3 Discuss America’s role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal.
Chapter 10 Sec 4 “America as a World Power” pages 359-365
1901 President Theodore Roosevelt takes office when McKinley was assassinated
Russo-Japanese War 1904-06
Treaty of Portsmouth
1906 Nobel Peace Prize
Gentlemen’s Agreement (link)
Panama Canal- French planned to shorten route to Asia from Europe and the East of America… Philippe Bunau-Varilla French engineer and part of a company convinced TR to support the idea of a Canal in Panama.
Colombia – resisted America’s desire to create a canal in Panama
Panamanian “Revolution” US sends Warships to support a US backed independence movement against Colombia.
Roosevelt and the Panama Canal- decides to Build the Canal- 1904-1914, $380 million dollars, 43,000 workers 5,600 people died.
11.4.4 Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches.
Chapter 10 Sec 4 America as a World Power
The Monroe Doctrine
The Roosevelt Corollary
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Big Stick Policy
Central America, Caribbean,
President William Howard Taft 1908-1912
Dollar Diplomacy
President Woodrow Wilson 1912-1920
Moral Diplomacy/Missionary Diplomacy- Wilson pressured Latin American governments to create democratic countries, by not offering recognition to immoral governments
MexicanRevolution
Porfirio Díaz
Francisco Madero 1911- deposed Diaz
1912 General Victoriano Huerta – took over from and kills Madero and Wilson refused to recognize the new government.
US Intervention in Mexico
Occupation of Vera Cruz- causes the Huerta regime to fal
Venustiano Carranza 1915- Wilson recognized this government
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
Emiliano Zapata
General John J. Pershing