Basketball Study Guide
Ms. OSTRANDER
History
Basketball was invented by James Naismith in 1891 for gym class at the YMCA in Springfield Massachusetts. He used peach baskets and soccer balls and created 13 simple rules to govern the game. The game has evolved a lot over the years. Basketball became an Olympic event in 1936. Basketball became a professional sport in 1949, when the NBA was developed. In 1997, the WNBA was developed as the first professional women’s league. The shot clock was used in the NBA for the first time in 1954 to make the games more exciting and forcing teams to try to score instead of just maintaining possession.
Rules of the game
Official Game- An official game consists of 10 players on the court at the same time. There are 5 players from each team on the court.
Field Goal- is when a player makes a basket during the course of the game. Each field goal is worth 2 points. A field goal shot outside of the three point line is worth 3 points.
Free Throw (Foul Shot)- is an unhindered try for a basket from behind the free throw line. Each free throw is worth 1 point.
Rules governing the Free Throw (foul shot)
- One player per lane space.
- The lane spaces closest to the end line are given to the opponents of the person taking the shot.
- After the official hands the shooter the ball, he or she has 10 seconds to release the ball.
- The players may enter the lane as soon as the ball is released by the shooter.
- The shooter may enter the lane as soon as the ball hits the rim.
Rules regarding the Jump Ball
- If the ball touches the floor without being touched by either jumper, the jump is retaken.
- It is legal (ok) for the jumper to tap the ball once or twice.
- The jumper cannot play the ball until it has been touched by another player.
- Players other than the jumper may position themselves anywhere on the court outside of the jump ball circle.
- After the initial jump, the team that did not get possession of the ball will be the first to receive the ball in a tied ball situation. After this, possession will alternate back and forth between the two teams (alternate possession rule).
Dribble
The dribble is ball movement caused by a player in control who
pushes or taps the ball to the floor once or several times. An
effective dribbler is one who keeps the ball low, looks up and
stays in control.
Dribbling Violations
Traveling (walking)- is taking steps without dribbling the ball when you have position of it.
Carry- is turning ones hand over the ball, or turning ones hand below the ball while dribbling.
Palming- is letting the ball rest in the palm of the hands when dribbling. Players with large hands can palm the ball.
Double Dribble- There are two forms of Double Dribble 1) is to dribble with two hands at the same time. 2) is to Dribble, then stop, and then dribble again. Once you stop your dribble, you must pass or shoot. You have 5 seconds to pass or shoot the ball once you stop your dribble.
Pivot Foot
A player holding the ball must keep one foot on the floor. That foot is called the pivot foot. The player is allowed to move the other foot in any direction while the pivot foot remains in contact with the floor.
Note: the only way a player can move with possession of the ball is to dribble at the same time.
Out of Bounds
A player is out of bounds when he or she touches the sideline (or baseline) or outside the sideline (or baseline). When a player or the ball hits the line, it is considered out of bounds.
Throw-In (inbounding the ball)
A Throw-In is a method of putting the ball back into play by a member of the opposing team. A throw-in is taken from behind the line where the ball went out of bounds or where the violation occurred. A player has 5 seconds in which to inbound the ball. Throw-Ins are taken in the following situations:
- When the player or the ball goes out of bounds
- After a made field goal (basket) from behind the end line
- After a made free throw (as long as that was the last free throw to be taken)
- After a technical foul
- After a player gets fouled when not in the act of shooting a shot and before the bonus goes into effect
- All jump ball situations after the start of the game (alternate possession)
Violations that deal with time
3 second violation- an offensive player can only be in the free throw lane for no more than 3 seconds
5 second violation- when a player has position of the ball, he or she has five seconds to dribble, pass or shoot
10 second violation- a team has 10 seconds to bring the ball down the court and over the midcourt line on each change of possession.
Lay-up shot
The lay-up shot is a high percentage shot taken in close to the basket where a player lays the ball off the backboard into the basket. A player taking a right handed lay-up should push off with the left foot and go up with the right hand and leg. A player taking a layup on the left side should push off with the right foot and go up with the left hand and leg.
Dribbling Cues Lay-up Cues Jump Shot Cues Chest Pass Cues
1) use finger pads 1) dribble on right 1) square up 1) use two hands
2) waist high or lower 2) step right then left 2) elbow below wrist 2) step to target
3) keep eyes up 3) right knee & arm up 3) legs power up 3) snap thumbs down
4) use guard arm 4) top right of box 4) follow through 4) follow through
Player Positions
Defense- the team that has possession
of the ball. Offense- the team without
possession of the ball.