Review Plants

Review Plants:

1. Choose the statement that best describes the process of transpiration.

1. The uptake of water by plant roots
2. Transfer of water from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems
3. The slow release of water from a plant by evaporation from the sun
4. Transfer of energy and nutrients in plants during feeding interactions.

1. Choose the answer that is NOT true. What will happen when plants are removed from a terrestrial landscape that is near a stream?

1. More sediment will enter the stream following rainfall
2. More water will enter the stream soon after rainfall
3. Less nutrients will enter the stream soon after rainfall (why is this a consequence)
4. All of the above are not true.

1. Name the plant with the following life cycle: diploid sporophyte – haploid spores – germination through mitosis – haploid gametophyte – haploid eggs and flagellated sperm – fuse to produce a diploid zygote (aquatic) – mitosis – diploid sporophyte.

Seedless vascular plants (ferns, horsetails)

1. Name the plant with the following life cycle: diploid sporophyte – carpel and stamens produce haploid eggs – fertilization from stamen to carpel – mitosis – zygote develops to diploid embryo – embryo is contained in a seed surrounded by fruit

Angiosperm – roses

1. Define a stoma in plants.

A pore on the surface of plant leaves and green stems that allow for gas exchange.

Viruses:

1. What killed 50 – 100 million people (3-5% of the global population) from 1918-1920?

Influenza pandemic

1. What was the mode of infection for the H1N1 virus?

Airborne viral particles (virions)

1. Describe a “cytokine storm.”

Occurs when one’s immune system produces so many immune system cells while responding to a pathogen that bodily functions are harmed, killing the organism.

1. List some factors that contributed to the spread of this virus.

World War 1: crowded conditions

Increasing world travel: exposure to new pathogens

Infection provoked a “cytokine storm” which was the overreaction of immune systems and killed healthy people

1. Name a reason that contributed to how the influenza pandemic ended.

Increased immunity, improved medical care, virus mutated.

1. T or F? Viruses must use a host cell and their biosynthetic machinery (ribosomes, amino acids, ATP) to reproduce.

True

1. What are the two steps to virus reproduction?

Protein synthesis and replication of genetic material

1. T or F? Viruses that have their genetic material stored as DNA are more likely to cause problems than those that store in RNA.

False. RNA is more mobile.

1. How do viruses exit the host cell?

Budding or lysis

1. Describe the reproductive process of lysogeny.

Virus inserts genome into host genome, and remains dormant (latency) as host cell divides, increasing the number of infected cells.

Ex: HIV