Review for Test #1 KEY
Test #3 has 50 questions: 41 multiple choice, 5 matching, and 4 short answer questions over a diagram, plus 5 bonus points.
Vocabulary – be able to identify and/or answer questions about the following terms:
Activation energy needed to get reaction started
Carbohydrate main source of energy for living things
Cellulose glucose polymer forming cell walls of plants
Enzyme protein that speeds up chemical reactions
Glycogen storage form of glucose in animals
Lipid made of fatty acids & glycerol, stores energy
Biuret’s test for protein
Iodine test for starch
Monomer small molecule making up a macromolecule
Monosaccharide monomer of carbohydrates
Nucleic acid polymer of nucleotides; DNA & RNA
Nucleotide monomer of nucleic acids
Organic compound carbon containing compound
Peptide bond bond between amino acids in protein
Polarity having differently charged portions in a molecule
Polymer large molecule formed of many smaller ones
Polysaccharide carbohydrate made of many simple sugars
Protein made of amino acids
Saturated fat with no double bonds between carbons
Starch polysaccharide
Benedict’s test for sugar
Unsaturated fat with one or more double bonds between carbons
Questions – be able to answer questions like the following:
1. Answer the following questions about carbohydrates:
a. What are their monomers called? monosaccharides
b. What are their polymers called? disaccharides, polysaccharides
c. What are their functions? Provides energy for cell, some structures, cellulose
d. What elements are they made of? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
e. How can I test for them? Monosaccharides – benedicts polysaccharides - iodine
f. What are some examples? Monosaccharides –sugars, glucose, sucrose
polysaccharides – starch, potatoes,
2. Answer the following questions about lipids:
a. What are their monomers called? glycerol and fatty acids
b. What are their functions? Energy storage, cell membrane, waterproof coverings
c. What elements are they made of? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen NOT in 1:2:1 ratio
d. What are the three types of lipids? Fats, oils, waxes
e. How can I test for them? Sudan
f. What are some examples? Animal fat, vegetable oil
3. Answer the following questions about nucleic acids:
a. What are their monomers called? nucleotides
b. What are the two types of nucleic acids? Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)
c. What are their functions? Store & transmit hereditary or genetic information
d. What elements are they made of? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorus
e. What are some examples? DNA and RNA
4. Answer the following questions about proteins:
a. What are their monomers called? amino acids
b. What elements are they made of? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
c. What are their 4 levels of organization? Order of amino acids, amino acids twisted, chain twisted, multiple protein chains
d. What are their functions? Bone & muscle structure, messengers, transport, fight disease, control rate of reactions (enzymes)
d. How can I test for them? Biuret’s
e. What are some examples? Muscle, Hair, Gelatin,
5. Explain the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats have NO double bonds between carbon atoms (saturated with hydrogen), unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds (hydrogen has been removed)
6. Describe the polar nature of the water molecule. The oxygen side is slightly negative and the hydrogen side is slightly positive
7. Draw a picture of an atom including the parts and charges. Proton –positive in nucleus
Electron- negative orbits nucleus, and neutron- neutral in nucleus
8. List some examples of bases. NaOH, BaOH, Tums, Soaps, Milk of Magnesia
9. List some examples of acids. H2SO4 HCl Lemon juice, vinegar
10. What is a buffer and how does it work?
A weak acid or base that combines with a strong acid or base to keep the pH from changing
11. What are the four indicators we used in lab to identify organic molecules?
Benedict’s, Sudan, Biuret’s, and Iodine
12. What effect do enzymes have on activation energy? They reduce the activation energy
13. What are isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons (different atomic mass numbers)
14. Are enzymes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids? They are proteins
15. What is a covalent bond and ionic bond? Covalent - Forms by sharing an electron pair
Ionic – forms by transfer of electrons
16. How many electrons can a carbon atom share? Four
17. What can you use to determine the pH of a substance? A pH meter or litmus paper
18. What is the difference between a compound, a mixture, and a solution? Compound - two or more different substances that are chemically combined in a definite ratio; mixture – two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined; solution – a mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed throughout the solution
19. Draw a picture of a pH scale and give examples of different substances that would be on each side.