Introduction to the Respiratory System – V3
The purpose of the respiratory system is to ______. In aerobic organisms oxygen (O2) must be ______cells and carbon dioxide (CO2) ______. In humans the respiratory system is divided into the ______and ______respiratory system. Here are the human respiratory structures.
UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM STRUCTURES
Structure Name / Description and Functions1 / Nose and Nasal Cavity / • A ______inside the nose where air enters
• ______line the nose and ______
• Air is ______and ______
• ______is secreted to ______
2 / Pharynx / • Common tube that connects ______to the ______and ______
• Carries ______
3 / Oral Cavity / • Also allows ______to enter the body ______
4 / Epiglottis and Glottis / • A flap of ______when ______
• The glottis is the ______that is the ______from the ______
5 / Trachea / • Tube that ______from the nasal passages to the lungs
• It is a flexible tube held open by rings of ______
• The surface is covered in ______and moving ______to ______particles and protect the lungs
6 / Larynx / • Voice box makes ______as air passes
LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM STRUCTURES
Each lung is made of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli covered with capillaries. The ______lung has ______lobes while the ______lung only has ______lobes to make room for the ______. Lungs are encased in a ______membrane.
Structure Name / Description and Functions1 / Bronchi / • The trachea ______into the ______and ______
• Like the trachea bronchi are held open with ______
2 / Bronchioles / • Many ______branch off from the bronchi
• Bronchioles ______with cartilage rings
3 / Alveoli / • Tiny ______covered outside with ______
• Gas exchange occurs across the alveoli membrane by ______
• ______goes from the ______and ______
• The singular is alveolus
• Flattening all your alveoli would cover a tennis court.
• This ______the amount of gas exchange possible.
Label the gases and the gas concentrations for the arteriole (small artery) and venule (small vein). Colour bllod without oxygen blue and blood with oxygen red!
4 / Diaphragm / • Strong muscle separating the ______from the ______• ______along with intercostal muscles to ______
5 / Intercostal Muscles / • Intercostal muscles are ______
6 / Pleura / • Each lung is covered in ______(singular)
• Pleurisy is an infection of the ______
Classwork
1. Read p 255-259
2. Explain how the larynx works.
3. Explain how food is directed down the esophagus and air down the trachea.
4. On the attached diagram draw the path of an oxygen molecule entering the alveoli in one colour. Be sure to name each structure the molecules passes. With a different colour draw the path the carbon dioxide molecule takes to exit the body. Be sure you can name each structure.
5. Write two hard multiple choice test questions about the functions of respiratory structures.
6. Do p 259 #1,2
NOTE 1 – RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this system in all organisms is to exchange gases. In an aerobic organism oxygen (O2) must be brought in for cellular respiration and CO2 removed. This will meet the organisms metabolic needs for gas exchange in its cells. First we will study the human respiratory system. This involves examining the anatomical structures and their functions.
THE MAMMALIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Note: Parts 1 – 6 are the Upper Respiratory System, parts 7-11 are the Lower Respiratory System
ANATOMY PART / STRUCTURE / FUNCTION1.Nasal Cavity / - the hollow area inside the nostrils / - air is warmed
- air is moistened
- contains ciliated cells that secrete mucous to trap particles
2.Pharynx / - tube that connects mouth and nasal cavity to the trachea and esophagus / - common passageway for food and air
3. Glottis / - the opening from the pharynx to the trachea
4. Epiglottis / - a flap like cartilaginous structure above the glottis / - closes and covers the glottis when swallowing to prevent food from entering
5. Larynx / - the voice box with 2 folded sets of vocal cord muscles / - to make sounds the vocal cords contract as air passes over and we hear the vibrations
6. Trachea / - a flexible tube held open by cartilaginous rings / - carry air
7. Left Bronchus
Right Bronchus / - the tubes leading from the trachea / - leads air to both lungs
8. Bronchioles / - smaller tubes branching off the bronchii / - lined with ciliated mucous membranes to protect alveoli from dust and smoke
9. Alveoli / - tiny damp hollow sacs covered with capillaries (the smallest blood vessels) / - actual membrane where O2 and CO2 are exchanged by diffusion
10. Lungs / - 2 lobed left lung smaller due to heart
- 3 lobed right lung
- lungs are encased in pleural membranes (pleurisy) / - the organs for external respiration or exchange of O2 and CO2
11. Diaphragm / - a thin layer of muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity / - works with the intercostal muscles to produce breathing movements
Homework (HW)
1. Colour diagram of respiratory system.
2. In a flowchart or in point form list the structures and processes involved as a molecule of oxygen travels from the air outside your body to your blood