Biology:

DNA Review Packet

Read each question and fill in the proper answer.

  1. Label EVERY sugar (S), phosphate (P), and nitrogen base (A, T, C, G) in the diagram below.

  1. Examine the objects inside the box labeled #2. What is this called? ______
  1. What is the special shape of DNA called? ______
  1. Which type of chemical bonds will join the two DNA bases? ______
  1. Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? ______
  1. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply)

Sugar Phosphate Base

  1. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply)

Sugar Phosphate Base

DNA Replication (Review your notes on “replication” to help you answer these questions.)

  1. Put the pictures of DNA replication in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the picture. (on the next page)
  2. Describe what is happening on the lines below the picture. Be sure to include the names of any enzyme involved.

______

______

______

______

  1. Replicate this strand of DNA: ACTGCCATTGAC

DNA and RNA Comparison

  1. Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Sample answers have been provided.

DNA / mRNA / tRNA
Molecule full name / Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Name of sugar / Ribose
Nitrogen Bases Present / Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
Function / Store Genetic information
  1. For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA.

______Holds the original coded information for making proteins

______Can replicate itself

______Copies DNA’s coded message

______Carries amino acids to the ribosome for assembly

______Found in the nucleus only

______Found in the cytoplasm only

______Found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm

______Carries the coded message to the ribosome

Transcription and Translation: Use the picture to answer the questions 11-13.

  1. Describe what is forming and happening in AREA A of the diagram. Include the name of this process and the key players.

______

  1. Describe what is being gathered and happening in AREA B of the diagram. ______
  1. Describe what is being assembled and happening in AREA C of the diagram. Include the name of this process and the key players.

______

  1. If a section of code contains 12 bases, how many codons would there be? ______
  1. If a section of code contains 7 codons, how many amino acids would there be? ______
  1. Which mRNA codonwill start the process of translation? ______
  1. Which amino acid does every protein begin with? ______
  1. Which mRNA codonswill end the process of translation? ______
  1. What bond is formed between amino acids to make a protein? ______
  1. From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. (Remember to always use the mRNA to code for the amino acid.)

DNA / mRNA / tRNA / Amino Acid
TTT
  1. From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information.

DNA / mRNA / tRNA / Amino Acid
GUU
  1. From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information.

DNA / mRNA / tRNA / Amino Acid
Methionine
  1. Follow the rules of transcription and fill in the boxes below? Ask yourself…what does transcription make?
  1. Below is a strand of mRNA. Follow the rules of translation and fill in the tRNA strand below?
  1. Which two amino acids does the following DNA strand code for?
  2. Using the codon chart, what codons specify for leucine? List all of them.

Mutations

  1. What is a gene mutation?
  1. Give 3 examples of gene mutations.
  1. What type of gene mutation affects protein synthesis more: point or frameshift mutation and why?
  1. What is a chromosomal mutation?
  1. Give 2 examples of chromosomal mutations.
  1. Label each type of mutations below. Are they gene mutations or chromosomal mutations?