Rapid Multi-sector Assessment Report
Sarkuusta group of settlements (Km7 – Km13), Mogadishu
© September 2014
Table of Contents
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 1
IINTRODUCTION 2
Background 2
Assessment methodology 2
Displacement 2
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS 3
(A) Shelter & NFIs 3
(i) Shelter needs 3
Privacy and living space 3
Type of shelters 4
Safety (theft) 4
Security of shelters 4
Lighting 5
(ii) Emergency Assistance Packages, EAPs/NFI needs 5
(B) Information Counseling and Legal Assistance (ICLA) 6
Possession of Legal Identity Documents 6
Possession of Land Tenure Documents 6
Rent remittances at settlements 6
Land use types in the settlements 7
Eviction Security 7
Land Disputes 7
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms 7
(C) Education Sector 8
School Existence 8
Children Enrolment and attendance 8
Number of school age children (9 to 14 years) going to schools 8
Availability of Teachers and Space 9
Community youth training center 9
(D) Food Security and Livelihoods 10
FOOD Sources 10
FEEDING Frequency (MEALS per day) 10
Changes in meal frequency 11
INCOME Sources 11
Household EXPENDITURE 12
FOOD Stocks duration 12
(E) WASH 13
Water supply 13
Sanitation and Hygiene 14
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 15
Information Counseling and Legal Assistance, ICLA 15
Food security and Livelihoods 15
WASH 16
ANNEXES 17
Household Survey Questionnaire 17
I
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Shelter &NFIs
A majority of the IDPs interviewed live in shanty buuls without plastic sheeting and in general the shelters used are in bad condition and are not resistant to water when the rains start and sun light. The settlements have no electricity and the main source of lighting is torches.
· Security and Safety: The average number of buuls per household is 2.3. 94.7% of buuls have no lockable doors. 6.9% have reported their current neighbourhood as insecure. 4.0% reported thefts inside the shelters last 6 months while 2.9% in the last 3 months. 8.5% reported personal attacks targeted at members of the household in the last 6 months.
· Protection from the Climate: 89.4% of the IDPs live in buuls without plastic sheeting with more than 71% in a round shape. The buuls are reported to suffer from leakages when it rains, through various parts of the shelter such as the roof, walling, floor, window or door.
· Privacy and Dignity: 13.3% of the buuls lack separation between sleeping and cooking spaces. The households interviewed use the principal shelter for both adult and children sleeping and also cooking in some cases.
· Only 47.5% of the 377 respondents expressed that shelter as meeting fully/partially their space needs.
· NFI: 99.2% of the 377 interviewed households did not NFIs in the last 3 months, an indicator for the urgent need for NFIs distribution.
Food Security and Livelihoods
Major Food sources of food
· Fishing / hunting / gathering (31.6%), purchase (28.1%), begging (21.8%) own production (7.2%) and gifts (4.0%)
Feeding Frequency: Mean = 1.3 meals person day
· Children: 1.3 meals person day
· Female adults: 1.3 meals person day
· Male adults: 1.3 meals person day
Major Income sources
· No income (unemployed) 72.4%, casual labour opportunities (17.8%), remittances/ family and relative support (1.9%), income from humanitarian assistance (1.1%) amongst many others
Major Expenditures
· Food (34.8%), water (35.0%), housing (12.1%), clothing (6.3%), Education (1.6%) and cooking fuel (1.3%)
IINTRODUCTION
Background
K7-K13 IDP camp is located in the north-west edge of Mogadishu city. This camp was established during massive eviction of the IDPs in late 2012. According to Baniadam assessment in March 2014, the IDP camp hosts more than 17,000 HHs and new arrivals coming on daily basis from Lower Shabelle and Middle Shabelle due to the on-going AMISOM offensive. Due to the on-going conflicts, low accessibility of humanitarian actors in the newly liberated areas have prompted the recent influx mainly from Qoryooley and rural surrounding villages specifically Farxaano, Jeerow, Buulasheik, AbdiAli, Bulajadid, Maduulow, Haduuman, and Mombasa club villages. Sarkusta is now the second largest IDP settlements in Mogadishu after Zona K. It’s located in two districts Daynile and Dharkenley.
Assessment methodology
Structured questionnaires were designed with the key expected outcomes and associated indicators of all[1] NRC South Central programming was used to collect the data. This was complimented by focused group discussions with the local authorities, IDP camp leaders, women, as well as with the NGOs operating in the area to get further understanding of the location. To ensure quality of data, training for data collectors and supervisors on ethics and method of data collection including best possible quality data collection and measures was undertaken to minimize non-sampling errors. Mechanisms were built-in in the checklist/schedules to cross-check consistency of the responses and Feedback was given by supervisors and solution to bottlenecks provided, as and when arising.
On 15th September 2014, a group of NRC staff and 4 went to Sarkusta IDP settlements to assess the humanitarian situation of the newly displaced persons from Lower Shabelle. The assessment which targeted 3 districts had a sample of 377 interviewed which were randomly selected with the proportion of Hodan (8%), Dharkenley (41%) and Daynile (51%). Most of the households interviewed have a female head whose male are left behind in the place of origin; Lower Shabelle 84%, Lower Juba 15% and other regions combined constitute 1%.
Displacement
Displacement into current settlements occurred between and January and September. The major causes of displacement in order to significance were AMISOM offensive (52%), general violence (27%), Drought (16%), Inter – clan conflict (5%).
Of the 377 interviewed households only 7 reported to have received humanitarian assistance for the last 6 months. Which means more than 98% of the newly dispalced persons are in urgent need of assistance as we are drafting this report.
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
(A) Shelter & NFIs
(i) Shelter needs
The majority (257 HH or 68%) of the 377 respondents were found having 3 Huts/Buuls while 120 (32%) of them have two or less Huts/Buuls. The average no. of housing units per household is 2.3.
Privacy and living space
Figure 3: Privacy and living space amongst the displacement affected community
Those interviewed indicated that 201 households (53.3%) use adult sleeping for their principle buul/shelter while 32.9% (124 households) stated that the principle shelter is used for Adult and children sleeping. This shows that most vulnerable households 50 out 377 HH (13.3%) lack separation between sleeping and cooking spaces.
Type of shelters
89.4% have bulls without plastic sheets, 8.2% have bulls with plastic sheets while 2.4% have other types of shelters. Shelters have various defects to allow water into the house (shelter) as shown on figure 4
Figure 4: Types of shelters used by displacement affected
89.4% (337 out of 377) households interviewed live in buuls/shelters without plastic sheeting while only 8.2% (31 households) were found having plastic sheets on their shelters. The buuls are reported to suffer from leakages when it rains, through various parts of the shelter such as the roof, walling, floor, window or door.
71.1% (268 out of 377) respondents live in round buuls/shelters while 28.9% (109 households) were found living square and/or other shapes of shelters.
Safety (theft)
94.7% (357 out of 377) of buuls/shelters were found having no lockable doors which puts in danger for female family members to be raped during the night. Incidences of theft from inside the current shelters in the past 6 months have been very minimal (4%). Similarly incidences of theft from inside the current shelters in the past 3 months have been very minimal (2.9%), showing that there is declining trend in theft from inside the shelters.
Security of shelters
Generally people feel secure in their current shelters to varying degrees as shown on figure 6.
Of the 377 respondents, only 15 HH (4%) expressed that there has been theft inside the current shelter in past 6 months and 11 HH (2.9%) stated that there has been theft inside the current shelter in past 3 months. 93, 1% (351 households) has reported their current neighborhood as secure.
Lighting
The primary source of lighting is touches (63.4%), with 11.9% having no source of light at night as shown on figure 7
The settlements have no electricity and the main source of lighting is torches. A vast majority of 63.4% of the 377 respondents said they use Torches for lightning and 11.9% did not have access for lightning at night.
Only 47.5% of the 377 respondents expressed that shelter as meeting fully/partially their space needs.
(ii) Emergency Assistance Packages, EAPs/NFI needs
99% of the community in survey had not received any NFIs; the 1% that had something received soap, jerry cans and plastic sheets less than 3 months from the date of this assessment. The current NFI priority needs of the beneficiaries are shown on figures 8, 9 & 10.
Figure 10: EAPs/NFIs third priority needs
Only 3 of the 377 respondents expressed that they received NFIs in the last 3 months and there is urgency for providing NFIs to the families interviewed.
(B) Information Counseling and Legal Assistance (ICLA)
The impact of military offensives and forced evictions on displacements is quite enormous and has impacted various communities in targeted areas increasing IDP influx into settlements in Mogadishu.
Within the settlements, the reasons for displacement varied depending on the location and situation of the displaced persons.
The following ICLA related issues have been raised during the assessment and were verified through the teams’ observation.
Possession of Legal Identity Documents
Out of the 377 household’s interviewed 98.9 % did not possess legal identity documents and only 1.1% possessed legal identity documents. The legal identity documents in possession of the 1% included family registration cards, former refugee cards, passport and others not recognised.
This confirms that inadequacies exist in accessing basic services and humanitarian assistance. Since displaced persons cannot be distinguished from the host community, both populations often benefit from this form of assistance and in most cases the displaced may be deprived.
Possession of Land Tenure Documents
While there are many households residing in the settlements, 99.2% did not possess land tenure documents and only 0.8% possessed land tenure documents. Out of the 377 households interviewed, 100% had lived in the settlements for a period running between zero to one year and none of the households had lived in the settlement for over one year. As mentioned above, of the 0.8% in possession of land tenure documents possessed tenure agreements valid for a period of zero to one year.
Important to note is the fact that 66.7% of the households had the tenure documents in the name of their wives and 33.3% had the tenure agreement in the name of the husband.
Rent remittances at settlements
The majority of households (99.5%) interviewed indicated that they did not pay rent for shelter and only 0.5% paid rent. However, the rent paid by the 0.5% was remitted to gate keepers, and other actors in the settlements.
Land use types in the settlements
61.3% of the households interviewed revealed that living at the settlement was a form of land use that met their most immediate needs. 30.2% revealed that they used the land for other purposes, 5% for farming, 0.5% for small businesses, 2.9% for livestock, and 0% for kitchen gardening.
Eviction Security
Out of the 377 households interviewed, 29.4% felt very secure against evictions, 51.5% felt secure against evictions, 12.5% felt insecure against evictions, 2.75% felt very insecure against evictions and 4.0% felt neither secure nor insecure against evictions.
This indicates that evictions remain a threat to IDPs who are often subjected to secondary displacement at areas of displacement where land tenure is not adequately secured legal tenure documents.
Land Disputes
Out of the 377 households interviewed, only 3.4% have been involved in land disputes, 96.65 have not been involved in land disputes. The nature of land disputes faced included multiple land claims (61.5%), land grabbing (7%), forced evictions (7%) and others (23.1%).
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
The Households interviewed indicated that land disputes were mainly resolved through clan elders (46.2%) and IDP committee members (46.2 %%) and that in some instances (7.7%) of the disputes remained unresolved. This presents a need for strengthening community based dispute resolution mechanisms.
Note that the assessment indicated that only 38.5% of these disputes have been resolved, 46.2% remained unresolved and 15.4% are ongoing pending action from parties to the dispute.
(C) Education Sector
School Existence
According to the assessment result on IDPs in Sarkusta, 99% of the interviewed communities were reported that there is lack of schools in and around the IDP settlements whether it is public or private schools. Therefore, the settlement has no schools and school aged children are out of Schools and the communities live there send their children to Qoranic schools.
Children Enrolment and attendance
The communities in Sarkusta Settlement reported that 100% of their children have not been enrolled in schools for lack of education facilities and financial constraints in the settlements. Thus, the presence of school aged children in the settlements was very high and the only opportunity that the children have access to Qoranic schools inside the settlement.
On the other hand, the factors that affecting children’s attendance in schools outside of the settlement was the distance and lack of school facilities inside the settlement as well as financial constraints.