RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

BANGALORE KARNATAKA

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF

SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

SUBMITTED BY:

MR.BIJU.T

1ST YEAR MSC NURSING

PSYCHIATRY NURSING

[2011-2013 BATCH]

VARALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF NURSING

NO: 19, KIADB ROAD, CHOKKASANDRA,

T.DASARAHALLI, BANGALORE- 57.

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATIONOF SUBJECTS

FOR DISSERTATION.

1 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / MR. BIJU.T
1ST YEAR M.Sc.NURSING,
VARALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF NURSING, NO: 19, KIADB ROAD,
CHOKKASANDRA, T.
DASARAHALLI, BANGALORE-57
2 / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / VARALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF NURSING,
NO: 19, KIADB ROAD, CHOKKASANDRA, T.DASARAHALLI, BANGALORE-57
3 / COURSE OF THE STUDY AND THE SUBJECT / M.Sc., NURSING, PSYCHIATRY
4 / DATE OF ADMISSION OF COURSE / 15/06/2011
5 / TITLE OF THE STUDY / LEVEL OF STRESS AND ATTITUDE AMONG DOMESTIC CRICKET PLAYERS TO ENTER IN TO STATE CRICKET TEAM AND INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE TEAM.

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENTED WORK

INTRODUCTION

“Give your stress wings and let it fly away.”

Terri Guillemets

All Individuals suffer with stress at any point of their life time; death of family member, divorce, education, occupational and illness etc.1

Life in the 21st Century is infinitely far more complex than it has ever been. We were never designed to live in this complex, modern world with its many demands on us. We live in a crowded, noisy society that we often refer to as the rat race. Our lives are run by deadlines, the clock, modern technology, mobile phones, pagers, faxes, computers, satellites and a hundred and one other demands and pressures.2

Stress, or to be more accurate pressure, is an unavoidable part of everyday life, meaning different things to each of us. You only have to pick up a newspaper, read a magazine, watch television, listen to the radio or walk into any High Street bookshop and see the many books written on the subject of stress, to realize that we perceive it to be a big problem. Stress is much more recognized than it used to be, we have become very aware of the potential negative impact of stress on our health.3

Stress is a term in Psychology and Biology, borrowed from physics and engineering and first used in the biological context in the1930’s which has in more recent decades become commonly used in popular parlance. It refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism- human or other animal – to respond adequately to mental, emotional, or physical demands, whether actual or imagined.2

When the person perceives a threat, their nervous system responds by releasing a flood of stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones rouse the body for emergency action. The stress response is the body way of protecting the person. When working properly, it helps in staying focused, energetic and alert.Modern lifestyles cause many people to suffer from health-damaging levels of stress. Our adrenalin-producing "fight or flight" reaction during times of stress was originally a physiological response to mortal danger. 2

Cricket is one of the world’s most popular team sports and stress are common. Stress are one of the factors that affect cricketers no matter what level they are playing. They are known to have a particularly poor prognosis and in extreme cases they have been known to end a player’s career. The type of stress varies from person to person at different stages of life and it varies from time to time. Stress is an immediate effect to the threat or danger. Sometimes it may be a warning also. Day to day activities and on going tension can also cause stress. The following situations are common in our daily life, such as work, traffic or travel, getting delay for meeting or job, heavy work load and modern life style. This may slowly damage the physical and psychological health.4

“Silent killer” is the best term applicable to stress. Day to day stress can result with changes in physiology. It can lead to the state of unhealthy.1

An attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's degree of like or dislike for something. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views of a person, place, thing, or event— this is often referred to as the attitude object. People can also be conflicted or ambivalent toward an object, meaning that they simultaneously possess both positive and negative attitudes toward the item in question.5

An attitude is "the relatively stable over behavior of a person which affects his status." "Attitudes which are common to a group are thus social attitudes. The attitude is the status-fixing behavior. This differentiates it from habit and vegetative processes as such, and totally ignores the hypothetical 'subjective states' which have formerly been emphasized.5

6.1 NEED FOR STUDY

Stress makes the person loose interest with the committed work and responsibilities. Due to this the person cannot finish up their work on time. It makes the condition worse and incomplete. It leads to hurry in the activity and unsatisfied task performance man cannot judge right and wrong of things with stress. Sometimes it may even end up with threat to life. Depression is also one of the main psychology of a being directly.6

According to Ranawat VS, Dowell JK, et. al. conducted a study on the physical demand of the modern game of cricket on the fast bowler is known to cause stress fractures of the lumbar spine. They diagnosed pars interarticularis defects in 18 professional cricketers contracted to a single English County Cricket Club. Eight of these players were treated conservatively, with rest, supervised rehabilitation, bowling action analysis and re-education where necessary. The remaining 10 were treated operatively, 9 by Buck's repair of the spondylolytic lesion. All 18 players returned to professional sport.6

According to recent study by Webster J, et. al. conducted a study to determine the influence of cricket leg guards on running performance. Initial testing revealed that wearing pads significantly increased the total time taken to complete three runs by up to 0.5s compared with running without pads (P0.05).which resulted in reduced force applied in the direction of locomotion. The consequence of this reduction in running performance is an increased risk of being run-out or a reduction in the number of runs that could be scored from a particular shot.7

Here the researcher would like to assess the stress and attitude of domestic players and develop a Positive Attitude towards selection which will help the cricket players to gain confidence in their Game and select for state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.7

6.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The Review of Literature written under the following headings:

A. REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO STRESS

B. REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO ATTITUDE

A. REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO STRESS

Siesmaa EJ, Blitvich JD, White PE, Finch CF conducted a study on Measuring players self-reported sport participation, risk perception and stress history: development and validation of a survey instrument. Despite the health benefits associated with players sport participation, the occurrence of stress in this context is common. The extent to which sport injuries impact players ongoing involvement in sport is largely unknown. Surveys have been shown to be useful for collecting players stress and sport participation data; however, there are currently no published instruments which investigate the impact of stress on players sport participation. This study describes the processes undertaken to assess the validity of two survey instruments for collecting self-reported information about child cricket and netball related participation, stress history and stress risk perceptions, as well as the reliability of the cricket-specific version.This is the first survey of its kind which has been successfully administered to cricketers aged 10-16 years to collect information about injury risk perceptions and intentions for continued sport participation. Implications for its generalization to other child sport participants are discussed.8

Thelwell RC, Maynard IW conducted a study that extended Hanin's 1980 Zone of Optimal Functioning hypothesis by assessing both intensity and direction components of competitive state anxiety and stress . 20 volunteer semiprofessional cricketers responded to the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 prior to ten matches. For each game, players' performances were intra individually evaluated by three qualified cricket coaches using subjective criteria. A significant interaction was found between the zone levels for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety Direction and performance scores. Examination of the Zone of Optimal Functioning hypothesis that focuses on the interactions between Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and in particular the directional elements of the modified inventory seems warranted.9

Kamal Bali Vishal Kumar, Vibhu Krishnan, Dharm Meena, And Saurabh Rawall suggest a rare case of multi level transverse process fractures as a cause of low back ache in a professional cricket player has been presented. The report discusses the possible mechanism of such an injury in a cricket player and also high lights the preventive and therapeutic aspects of management in such patients. The report also stresses upon the need for early identification of such sports related injuries to prevent long term morbidity in the athletes.10

B. REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO ATTITUDE

Foster D, John D, Elliott B, Ackland T, Fitch Ksuggest thatEighty-two high performance young male fast bowlers (mean age 16.8 years) were tested immediately prior to the season for selected kinanthropometric and physiological data.. All cricket related injuries over this season were assessed by a sports physician who used computerized tomography to assist in the diagnosis of spinal injuries. At the completion of this season the players were grouped according to their injury status (Group 1--bony injury to a vertebra; Group 2--soft tissue injury to the back that caused the player to miss at least one game, and Group 3--no injuries .Eleven per cent of the players sustained a stress fracture to a vertebra(e) (L4 to S1), while 27 per cent sustained a soft tissue injury to the back. Bowlers with a low longitudinal foot arch were more likely to develop a stress fracture than those with a high arch.11

White Pe, Finch Cf, Dennis R, Siesmaa E. Preventing sports injuries and stress in children is important, but there is limited information about players perceptions of injury risk or their stress and attitude. This study investigated injury Risk and stress perception in a sample of junior sports participants across different age level of play. Junior cricket players (n= 284, aged 8-16) completed a survey about their injury and stress risk as well as their perceived injury risk across different perceptions. Survey questions asked about player’s perceived Injury Risk and stress perception to themselves compared to cricketers in general, as well as their perceived injury risk across different playing position, grand conditions, and protective equipment use scenarios chi- square analysis found that Risk Perceptions were significantly higher in and players for both batting and fielding compared to a 16 players and players as had a higher risk perception accosted with bowling. Players tended to see themselves as less likely to be in stress and injury than cricketers in general and perceived there to be high Risk, of injury and stress when fielding close to batters and comparatively low risk of injury and stress when fielding in outfield.12

STATEMANT OF PROBLEM

“A Study to assess the level of Stress and Attitude among Domestic Cricket players to enter in to State Cricket Team and Indian Premier League team , in selected Cricket Clubs Bangalore”.

6.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

6.3.1 To asses the level of stress among Domestic cricket players to enter in to state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.

6.3.2 To asses the Attitude of Domestic cricket playersto enter in to state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.

6.3.3 To find out the Association Between level of stress and attitude withselected demographic variables.

6.4 HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be significant association between level of stress and selected demographic variables among Domestic cricket players.

H2: There will besignificant association between level of attitude and selected demographic variables among Domestic cricket players.

6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

STRESS – Stress is the body reaction to a change that Requires, physical or mental or emotional adjustment or response to enter in to state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.

ATTITUDE- Refers to Feeling or opinion of domestic cricket players towards selection into state cricket Team and Indian premier league team

DOMESTIC CRICKET PLAYERS- One who participate in Game of cricket at domestic level .

STATE CRICKET TEAM – is a cricket team that represents the Indian state of Karnataka in domestic first class cricket .

THE INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE (IPL)- is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket competition in India. It was initiated by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), headquartered in Mumbai, and is supervised by BCCI Vice President who serves as the league's Chairman and Commissioner. It is currently contested by 10 teams consisting of players from around the world.

CRICKET CLUBS – are organisations whose members play together, unpaid, and may play other similar clubs on occasion, watched mostly by family and friends, to large commercial organisations with professional players which have teams which regularly compete against those of other clubs and attract sometimes very large crowds of paying spectators.

6.6 ASSUMPTIONS

  1. Cricket players may have some level of stress
  2. Positive Attitude towards selection will help the cricket players to gain confidence in their Game and select for state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.

6.7 DELIMITATION

The study is limited to

  1. The Domestic cricket players preparing to enter into state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.
  2. For a period of one month.
  3. For Domestic cricket players who are Registered members in cricket club Bangalore.

6.8 VARIABLES

The variable for the present study are,

STUDY VARIABLE - Level of stress and attitude of Domestic cricket players.

ATTRIBUTE VARIABLES - Demographic variables such as age, religion, educational qualification, food habbit, occupation, marital status , residence, monthly Income, type of family and source of Information.

7 MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCE OF DATA

The data will be collected from Domestic cricket players in selected cricket clubs, Bangalore.

7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION

7.2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design selected for the present study was Non- Experimental descriptive research design.

7.2.2 RESEARCH APPROACH

Descriptive survey approach.

7.2.3 SETTING

The study will be conducted in selected cricket club Bangalore.

7.2.4 POPULATION

All the Domestic cricket players who are members of cricket club in Bangalore.

7.2.5 SAMPLE

The present study consist of 60 Domestic cricket players who fulfill the criteria will be selected for the study.

7.2.6CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION

Inclusive Criteria: Cricket players who are

-In the age group of 18-30 years

-Willing to participate in the study

-Available during the period of data collection member of cricket club.

Exclusion Criteria:

-Those who are not registered member of cricket club.

-People who cannot understand English or Kannada.

7.2.7SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

In this study, convenient sampling technique will be used.

7.2.8 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION

The tool consists of the following sections.

SECTION A:

Demographic variables such as age, religion, educational qualification, food habit, occupation, marital status, residence, monthly Income, type of family and source of Information.

SECTIION B:

The researcher will construct the stress scale and get validation from expert.

SECTION C:

The researcher will construct the attitude scale and get validation from expert.

7.2.9 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The stress and attitude scale will be used to collect the data.

7.2.10 PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The date analysis was planned to include descriptive and inferential statistics.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Frequency and percentage distribution were used to describe the socio- demographic data, level of stress and level of attitude of samples. Mean and standard deviation for stress and attitude scores of samples.

INFERNTAIL STATISTIES

Chi Square test will be used to assess the association between stress and attitude of sample with selected socio- demographic variables.

7.2. 11 PROJECTED OUTCOME.

The study will asses the level of stress and attitude of domestic cricket players. This will enable the domestic cricket players to gain confidence in their Game and select for state cricket Team and Indian premier league team.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON HUMANS OR ANIMALS?

NO

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?

Yes. Informed consent will be obtained from

  1. The research committee of Varalakshmi College of Nursing.
  2. Authorities of the selected cricket club.
  3. Informed consent will be taken from samples.

8. LIST OF REFERENCES:

  1. N.Mathar Mohideen. Stress management. Nightingale Nursing Times. 2009; 5(7): 36.
  2. Wikipedia encyclodedia.
  3. M.Nagarathnam, B.Vengamma, K.Redamma. coping with stress. Nightingale Nursing Times. 2009; 5(1): 48-49.
  4. Jonathan Rea. Cricket stress and nutrition from
  5. Wikipedia encyclodedia.
  6. Ranwat VS, Dowell JK, Heywood. stress in athletes. British journal of accident surgery Publication Start Year. 1969; 34(12):915-9.
  7. Webster J, Roberts J. Determining the effect of cricketers stress on running performance. Journal of sports sciences. 2011 Apr;29(7):749-60.
  8. Siesmaa EJ, Blitvich JD, White PE, Finch CF. Measuring playerss sport participation. Journal of science and medicine in sport/ Sports Medicine. 2011 Jan;14(1):22-6.
  9. Thelwell RC, Maynard IW. Stress performance relationships in cricketers: testing the zone of optimal functioning hypothesis 1955Electronic Links:
  10. Kamal Bali Vishal kumar, Vibhu Krishnan, Dharm Meena, Saurabh Rawall. Multiple level transverse stress fractures. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2011; 3(1): 8.
  11. Foster D, John D, Elliott B, Ackland T, Fitch K. Back injuries to fast bowlers in cricket: a prospective study.British journal of sports medicine. 1969 Britsih Journal of Sports Medicine. 1989 Sep;23(3):150-4.
  12. White PE, Finch CF, Dennis R, Siesmaa E Understanding perceptions of injury risk associated with playing junior cricket. Journal of science and medicine in sport/ Sports Medicine Australia. 2011; 14(2): 115-20.

9. SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT :