Rajiv GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE- KARNATAKA
Completed PROFORMA FOR registration OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
“EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BAKUCHI (Psoralia corylifolia) BEEJA
– IN VITRO STUDY”
By
DR. Alka kushwaha
1st year M. D. (Ayu),
Dept. of P. G. Studies in dravyaguna
Guide
Dr. s.b. bani M. D. (Ayu)
reader
Department of P.G. Studies in Dravyaguna,
H.O.D.
Dr. Dhanvanthari Vara Prasad. Pusuluri M.D.(Ayu.)
PROFESSOR
Department of P.G. studies in Dravyaguna,
2012-13
RGES’S Ayurvedic Medical College & HOSPITAL
P.G. & RESEARCH CENTER
RON, GADAG , KARNATAKA
From,
Dr. alka kushwaha
M. D. (Ayu) Scholar,
Dept. of P. G. Studies in dravya guna
RGESAMC & H, RON
To,
The Registrar,
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Bangalore,
Through,
The Principal and Head of the Department in Dravyaguna.
RGESAMC & H, RON
Sub: Submission of completed proforma for registration of subject for dissertation.
Respected Sir,
I request you to kindly register the below mentioned subject against my name for the submission of dissertation to the Rajiv Gandhi university of Health Sciences, Bangalore for partial fulfillment of M. D. (Ayurveda) course in dravya guna
Title of Dissertation:
“EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BAKUCHI (Psoralia corylifolia) BEEJA – IN VITRO STUDY”
Here with I am enclosing the completed proforma for registration of subject for dissertation.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
DATE;
Rajiv GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
Proforma For registration of subject for Dissertation
1. Name of the candidate : DR. ALKA KUSHWAHA
W/ O DR. C. B. PRASAD
C/O Dr. Ghanshyam Dora, Guru Vihar
Matiapara, Puri, Orissa
2. Name of the institution : RGES’S a m college & hospital,
Post Graduation & Research Centre
ron gadag, karnataka
3. Course of study and Subject : AYURVEDA VACHASPATI
M. D. dravyaguna
4. Date of admission : 30/10/2012
5. Title of the topic : “EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BAKUCHI (Psoralia corylifolia) BEEJA – IN VITRO STUDY”
6. BRIEF RESUME OF the INTENDED WORK
6.1 Need for the study
Infectious diseases are the world’s leading cause of premature deaths killing almost 50,000 people every day1. Infection involves complicated interactions of parasite and inevitable affects both2. Microbes inhabit every corner of our environment; colonize our skin and parts of our respiratory and GI tracts3. Despite decades of dramatic progress in their treatment and prevention, infectious diseases remains a main cause of death and debility and are responsible for worsening the living conditions of many millions of people around the world. The antibiotic resistance occurs at an alarming rate among all classes of mammalian pathogens2. The antimicrobials which were effective yesterday are not effective today. Antimicrobials have potentially serious adverse effect and are often expensive3. Problems that arise with the use of Anti Microbial Agents are Toxicity, Hypersensitivity reaction, Drug resistance, Super infection/supra infection, Nutritional deficiencies and Masking of infection4.
Over the years WHO (world health organization) advocated traditional medicines as safe remedies for ailments of both microbial and non-microbial origins5.In present scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants1. Nature has been a source of medical agents for thousands of years and a striking number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural source, many based on their use in traditional medicines or phytomedicines. Therefore it is reasonable to expect a variety of plant compounds with specific as well as general anti microbial activity and antibacterial potential5.
Being an ayurvedic scholar it is our moral duty towards the society to search for an ideal remedy from ayurvedic treasures of therapeutics which is safer, cost effective and easily available remedy. Bakuchi (Psoralia corylifolia) is well known drug which can be used in various diseases like kasa, swasa, prameha, jwara etc. but specially in the diseases like shvitra, kustha etc. according to many authors.(6-17) Hence this study is undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Bakuchi beeja in form of taila against the gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, gram negative E.coli and fungus Candida albicans .
6.2 Review of literature
We live in a sea of microbes3. Micro organisms namely bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are present everywhere causing large number of infectious diseases, seems to be major health problem in underdeveloped countries e.g.T.B., leprosy, measles etc17. The microbes which were susceptible yesterday have become resistant today3.
Charaka had described many types of krimi. Raktaja krimi one of them which reside in blood vessels, minute, round, without feet, sometimes invisible. They are responsible for causing a number of infectious diseases such as Falling of body hairs , nails, eyelashes, infection of wound, oversensitivity, itching, pain, creeping sensation, destroy skin, blood vessels, ligaments, muscles, cartilage etc.18 Due to the similar features and pathogenesis, Microbes can be compared to krimi.
Many krimighna/krimihara dravya and formulations are noticed in almost all samhitas and Nighantus. The modern medicine is always in search of a new antimicrobial agent as the drug resistancy has been noticed; day by day the drug pattern is changing.
Bakuchi (Psoralia corylifolia) has madhura, tikta rasa, laghu, ruksha guna, sheeta veerya and katu vipaka act as krimighna and it is shvitrakusthanashak by its prabhava.9 Bakuchi seeds are bitter, acrid, anthelmintic, laxative, stomachic, stimulant, aphrodisiac, diuretic and diaphoretic.(9-15)
Charaka, Sushruta and Vagabhata mentioned Bakuchi (Psoralia corylifolia) as kusthagna and shvitranashaka.(6-8) Shri Govind Das mentioned about use of Bakuchi in a number of formulations under Kustharoga Chikitsa Prakarana.10 Acharya Divodas Dhanwantari given synonym as Kusthanashini and action as kustha-krimihara.15 Pt. Narahari mentioned the properties of Bakuchi as katu, tikta rasa and ushna veerya and krimighna as one of its important properties.14 Vaidya Bhagwn Dash and many other authors mentioned Kusthagni as one of the synonyms of Bakuchi with madhur tikta rasa, katu vipaka and kustha krimihara.(13,12,16)
The multidimensional pharmacological actions, authentic classical references, the easy availability of the drug and cost effectiveness kindled the interest in selecting this drug for in-vitro comparative experimental study.
6.2.1 Previous work done
1. Dr. Yalavalvad Ramarao -Svitra kustha par Bavachi, nidana- parivarjana evam rakta mokshana ka sammilita parinam 1998. Government Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Nanded, Maharastra
2. Dr. Kambale S. -Shvitra kusthavar nidan parivarjana aushadhi (bavachi) ani aharacha parinama 1996. Government Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Nanded, Maharastra.
3. Dr. Khilari (Ms)SA- A study of krimighna properties of koshamra seeds(Schelichera tridug Linn.)-1998.Tilak Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Pune University, Pune, Maharastra.
4. Dr. Sheela D- Study on vanga bhasma w.s.r. to its anti microbial activity. 1990. Government Ayurvedic College, Trivendram, Kerala University, Kerala.
6.3 Aims and objectives of the study
- Physio-chemical analysis of Bakuchi beeja taila.
- Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bakuchi taila on Staphylococcus
aureus and E.coli.
- Evaluation of antifungal activity of Bakuchi taila against Candida albicans.
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 Source of data
a) Literature: Literary aspect of the study will be collected from Ayurvedic and
Modern texts updated with recent Medical journals and internet.
b) Drugs: Genuine Bakuchi (Psoralia corylifolia) seed will be procured from an
authentic dealer of Ayurvedic drugs and materials duly identified by botanist.
c) Preparation: Bakuchi (Psoralia corylifolia) beeja taila to be prepared as per
the classics in pharmacy of RGES Ayurvedic Medical College & hospital, PG & Research Center, Ron.
d) Analysis: Physico-chemical analysis of Taila will be carried out in recognized laboratory.
f) Micro-organisms: will be obtained from reliable sources and they are cultured with the test and standard drugs.
7.2 Method of collection of data:
· Study Design: In vitro Comparative experimental anti microbial Study
· Study method:
- Agar-cup diffusion Method- for Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli.
- Cup-plate diffusion Method-for Candida Albicans.
- Incubation period: Bacteria 18-24hrs. Fungus 48 hrs.
· Study duration – 15 days.
Data will be generated using these laboratory techniques to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Bakuchi (Psoralia corylifolia) taila.
· Assessment of Results: The results to be assessed by comparing the zone of inhibition shown by the test drug with standard drugs. The results are the mean value of zone of inhibition measured in millimeters of three sets of each bacteria and fungi and applied for the statistical analysis.
7.3. Does the study require any investigations or intervention to be conducted on
humans or other animals?
No
7.4 Has ethical clearance obtained from your institution?
Yes, obtained and enclosed.
8. List of References.
- www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm on 20.2.2013.
- Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. Vol.1 Part Seven Section1; Fauci, Braunwald, Isselbacher, Wilson, Martin, Kasper et al. editors,14thed. New York USA: Mc Graw Hill; 1998.p.749.
- API-Text Book of Medicine. Chapter 2nd. Dr.Siddharth N. Shah editor, 7thed. Mumbai: The Association of Physicians of India pub.; 2003.p.7.
- K.D. Tripathy, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, chapter 47. 5thed.New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.; reprint 2004.p.627.
- www.elsevier/locate/apjtb on 15.2.2013
- Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Shri Chakrapanidutta teeka AyurvedadipikaVyakhya, utterardha, chikitsasthana, adhyaya7, sloka no.169,170, edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, ed.reprint2011. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Prakasha; 2011.p.458.
- Maharshi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, NibandhaSangrahaVyakhya, chikitsasthana, adhyaya-9, sloka 10, 21, 37.Dalhana editor. Reprint ed. 2012. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana; 2012.p.443.
- Vagabhatta, Astang Hridaya, Sarvang Sundari Vyakhya &Ayurveda Rasayana Teeka, Chikitsa sthana, adhyaya 19, sloka 53. Arundutta & Hemadri editor. Reprint ed.2011. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana; 2011.p.715.
- Shri Mada Bhav Mishra, Bhav Prakash Nighantu, poorvardha,haritakyadi varga, sloka 206-209, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, 11thed.2007.p.123.
- Shri Govind Das, Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Hindi vyakhya,Adhyaya 54,kustha rog chikitsa prakarana, sloka 9,12,41,42,47,55-57,67-70,73,312-314,315-320,Shri Rajeshwar Dutta Shastri editor,16thed.Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit
Sansthana; 2002.p.637.
- Data Base On Medicinal Plants Used In Ayurveda vol.2, P.C.Sharma, M.B.Yelne &T.J.Dennis editors.reprint 2005.New Delhi:Documentation and Publication Division CCRAS; 2005.p.89.
- Bapalal G. Vaidya, Nighantu Adarsh, poorvardha, vol.1, 1sted.Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; 1968.p.417.
- Vaidya Bhagwan Dash, Materia Medica of Ayurveda (Based on Madanapala Nighantu), Abhayadi varga.reprint 1994.New Delhi:B.Jain Publishers Pvt.Ltd.;1994.p.81.
- Kaiyyadeva, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, aushadhi varga. Editor Acharya Priya Vrata Sharma. 1sted.1979. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 1979. p.131.
- Divo Das Dhanwantari, Dhanwantari Nighantu, Guduchyadivarga- prathamavarga, editor AcharyaP.V.Sharma. 3rded. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia; 2002.p.46.
- Shri Nara Hari Pandit, Raj Nighantu, satavhyadi varga, sloka 62-65. 2nded. Varanasi:Krishna Das Academy; 1998. p.73.
- Harsh Mohan, Text Book of Pathology, Chapter 6, 4th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.p.1.
- Acharya Agnivesh, Charaka Samhita, Shri Chakrapanidutta Ayurvedadipika Vyakhya, poorvardha, vimanasthana,adhyaya7,sloka no.11,ed.Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Ed. Reprint 2011.Varanasi: Chaukhambha Prakashan; 2011.p.258.