RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES KARNATAKA, BANGLORE.

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION.

1 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE & ADDRESS / MADANA VIMALA SOWBHAGYAVATHI
IST YEAR M.Sc NURSING STUDENT,
RATHNA COLLEGE OF NURSING,LALITHA KRUPA BUILDING B M ROAD, KARNATAKA
2 / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / RATHNA COLLEGE OF NURSING,LALITHA KRUPA BUILDING , B M ROAD
HASSAN, KARNATAKA - 573201
3 / COURSES OF STUDY / MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY)
4 / DATE OF ADMISSION / 01.07.2008
5 / TITLE OF THE STUDY / A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVNESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON BREAST SELF EXAMINATION FOR GNM NURSING AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS, HASSAN.

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 INTRODUCTION: “AS a general rule the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information.”

Breast problems are significant health concerned to women. In a women’s life time there is a one in eighth chance that she will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Whether benign or malignant intense feeling of shock, fear and denial often accompany the initial discovery of a lump or change in the breast. These feelings are associated both with the fear of survival and with the possible loss of a breast. Throught history the female breast has been regard as a symbol of beauty, sexuality and motherhood. The potential loss of breast or part of a breast may be devastating for many women because of the significant psychological, social, sexual and body image implications associated with it.

Breast self examination is a procedure performed by an individual to physically and visually examine herself for changes in the breast under arm areas of the body. Breast self examination is an important of component health promotion and maintenance. Providing education and encouraging the women to perform breast self examination is recommended to decrease the mortality rates from breast disorders.

Performing monthly breast self examination was first advocated by the Colombia University surgeon Cushman experts recommended the women over age of 20 perform a monthly breast self examination.

It is important to perform breast self examination is performed routinely to know about her breasts whether normal or to identify quickly any thing abnormal.

Breast self examination is a simple very low cost non-invasive comfortable, adjuvant screening. It can be done by a pregnant women breast-feeding women and women with breast implants.

There is an evidence women who correctly practice breast self-examination monthly or more likely to detect lump at the early stages of its development and early diagnosis has been reported to influence early treatment and to yield a better survival rate. Breast self examination is also help full to detect other breast problems such as change in appearance and other conditions which required medical attention as mastitis fibro adenoma etc.

Recent estimates suggested that screening by breast examinations has a sensitivity of about 54% and a specificity of about 94%. It was found that mortality had fall in by 31% after 6 years for women aged 40-70 at the beginning of the trail.

MARY PERIARD AND BRENDA KNAACK (2003) found that the group had received the teaching on breast self examination has significantly more knowledge used better techniques and the women were able to correctly identify more lumps in a breast more than those who did not receive the teaching.

Nurses are playing a pivotal role in teaching the patient to identify the problems. Breast self examination is an that should be perfect for nurses who can promote monthly breast self examination by supporting realistic believes about screening and cancer as well as demonstrating breast self examination so that they can do it them selves without consulting physician.

6.2NEED FOR THE STUDY: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women throughout the world. According to WHO more than 1.2 million people will be diagnosed with breast cancer each year world wide and over 50,000 will die from the disease.

The incidence of breast cancer in the United Stated has been increasing gradually for the past 30 years. The incidents reported in 1989 was approximately 25 per million while in US white women it was 70-80 per million.

American Cancer Society estimates that 180510 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in 200710 about 40,910 breast cancer deaths are expected in 200710.

There is a raising incident of breast cancer in India according to International Agency for research on Cancer, which is a part of WHO. There were approximately 79,000 women per year effected by breast cancer in India in 2001 and over 80,000 women in 200210. Women who are diagnosed with early stage localized breast cancer have a five year survival rate of 98%.

A study conducted by LEPECKA – KLUSKEL et al (2007) on breast self examination among polish women reveal that the significance of breast self examination is closely connected with professional background of the response and actual conducting of breast examination. Greater involvement in educational activities of medical personnel only improve the present situation.

NAHCIVAN NO AND SECGINLIS (2007) conducted “a study on health believes related to breast self examination in Turkish women” indicated that promotion of breast self examination practice need, tailored health education and health promotion programmes based on a specific understanding of women’s health belief.

This review is given impact to the researchers to conduct a comparative study to assess the knowledge about Breast Self examination between the Nursing and Engineering first year students.

6.3STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on Breast Self examination for first year Nursing and Engineering students at Hassan.

6.4OBJECTIVES:

To

  • Determine the knowledge of GNM Nursing and engineering students of first year on Breast self examination as well as measured by structured interview schedule.
  • To conduct a structured teaching program on Breast Self examination for GNM Nursing and Engineering students.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on Breast Self examination in Nursing and engineering students in terms gain in knowledge.
  • To find out relation ship between demographic variables on the knowledge scores of Nursing and engineering students.

6.5OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

EFFECTIVENESS:

In the study effectiveness refer to the extent to which structured program on Breast Self examination has achieved the desired effect in improving the knowledge of Nursing and engineering students evidenced by gain in post-test knowledge scores.

STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

It refers to the systematically developed programme designed for GNM nursing and engineering to provide information regarding Breast Self examination.

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION:

In the study Breast Self examination refers to a procedure that detect any breast disorders by the students.

KNOWLEDGE:

In the study knowledge refers to the correct responses obtained from the GNM nursing and engineering students regarding breast self examinations as elicited through structured questionnaire.

6.6ASSUMPTIONS:

  • GNM nursing students and engineering students will have some knowledge regarding breast self examination.
  • GNM nursing students and engineering students will willingly participate and co-operate in the study.
  • Students will gain more knowledge regarding breast self examinatation after structured teaching programme.

6.7HYPOTYHESIS:

Mean post test knowledge scores will be significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge scores for nursing and engineering students.

6.8REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

A thorough literature review provides a foundation upon which the new knowledge based and generally is conducted well before any data are collected in a quantitative study. This chapter deals with selected study and resources related to the proposed study.

“A case control study was conducted by ALI ABU – SALEM OT ABDULLA HASSAN M (2007) to identify and investigate the knowledge and practice of breast self examination with the influencing factors”. A total of 80 female nurses from Prince Rasheed Military Hospital were selected for the study. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The study results indicated 52% of the sample performs breast self-examination. The study concluded positive correlation was found between nursing work experience and their practice in breast self-examinations.

PARK et al (2006) conducted a study to determine the effects of action oriented breast self examination education on knowledge, self-efficiency, performance and competence in nursing students. A total of 53 students selected from a school of nursing, out of that 20 students assigned to control group and 26 students assigned experimental group. The study was conducted using a non equalant pre and post-test questionnaire of time serial quasi – experimental design was adopted in the study. The study revealed that a general lack of knowledge and practices related to breast self examinations among nursing students and it also revealed that the developed educational booklet about breast self examination test had an obvious effect on improving nursing students knowledge and practices. The study concluded that improving the health behavior should be carried the use of currently developed educational booklets about breast self examination by all nursing students.

WASILEM PETRO – NUSTUS SC DRN AND BLANCHE

J. MIKHEL DNSCR N.C.N.S (2002) conducted “a study to investigate factors and beliefs that may be related to the practice of the breast self examination among a group of Jordanian Women”. A total of 519 women were selected from two major universities in Jordon by using a stratified random sampling method. The study result indicated that although the majority sample population i.e. 67% had heard or read about breast self examination. The study concluded that benefits, susceptibility and motivation influenced the intention to perform breast self examination in the future.

“A study conducted by DEVINE SK AND FRANK DI (2000) TO determine the personal behavior and professional practices of nurses in the use of breast self examinations and to discuss implications for the advanced practice of nurse.” A total of 300 nurses and nursing students were selected for the study and assisted by using questionnaire method. The study result showed that almost all the nurses had performed breast self examination at least once, and the majority believed that it was the role of the nurses to teach breast self examination. The study concluded that the nurses are doing breast self examinations and most of them are not teaching others.

7. METHODS AND MATERIALS:

7.1 SOURCES OF DATA: Data will be collected from the first year GNM nursing and engineering students of Hassan.

7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION:

  1. RESEARCH DESIGN:

A researcher overall structure the programme for obtaining answers to the research questions for testing the research hypothesis and this is referred as research design.

In this study the researcher will use the quasi research design.

  1. RESEARCH VARIABLE:

Independent variable and dependent variable.

  1. POPULATION:

It refers to the total category of persons or objects that needs the criteria for study, established by the researcher having common observable characteristics. First year GNM students from ------school of Nursing and first year engineering students from------college will be taken as population.

  1. SETTING:

It is a physical location and condition in which data collection takes place in a study. This study conducted at ------School of Nursing, Hassan and ------engineering college of Hassan.

  1. SAMPLING:

It is the process of selecting a subset of population in order to obtain information regarding a phenomenon in a way that represents the entire population.

  1. CRITEIRA OF SAMPLE COLLECTION:

Inclusion Criteria:

1 GNM nursing first year students aged between 18-20. 2 engineering first year students aged between 18-20. 3 willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Students who are studying 2nd and 3rd year GNM nursing and engineering.
  2. Who are not willing to participate in the study.
  1. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES:

Non probability convenient sampling used for the study.

  1. TOOLS OF THE DATA COLLECTION:

The final tool is structured questionnaire schedule for assessing the knowledge of nursing and engineering students.

Structured interview schedule consisting of two parts.

Part –1 Demographic data

Part –2 Structured questionnaire data with 25 questions related to information and steps of Brest self examination to assess the knowledge of students.

9. DURATION OF THE STUDY:

One month duration will be used for conducting the study.

10. PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, %, Mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics i.e. square, t-test, ANOVA – F test the hypothesis of the study).

11.Projected Outcome: the Study proposes to assess the existing knowledge of GNM Nursing Students and Engineering Students Regarding, Breast Self Examination and helps to teach the Students regarding their teaching programme.

7.2 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTIONS TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR

OTHER HUMAN BEINGS OR ANIMALS ?.

The Study is conducted on evaluation of the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the knowledge regarding, breast self-examination in Nursing and Engineering Students are not involved in any invasive investigation or intervention.

7.3HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM THE CONCERNED AUTHORITY OF THE COLLEGES TO CONDUCT THE STUDY?

Yes, prior permission will be obtained from the concerned

Authority of the Colleges to conduct the Study, the purpose of the Study will be explained to the Students of General Nursing and Engineering Students of the Colleges, Hassan, Privacy and Anonymity will be assured to the above Students.

8. List of References:-

1. Basvanthappa, BT, Medical & Surgical Nursing

First Edition, New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers

2003, Page No. 785 to 786

2. Martha J Fox et al. Ethinic differences in Breast Self Examination Practice and Health beliefs. Journal of 1998 27 (2) (419 to 428).

3. Ali Abu Salem OT Abdulla Hazan M. Breast self examination among female nurses in Jordan. Shiraz E Medical journal, 2007 Vol 8; 3.

4. Jarvis C. physical examination and Health assessment 4th ed Missouri. WB Saunders Publishers 2004: 421-423.

5. Marry P, Brenda K. Breast self exam and experimental study. The regents of the university of Michigan, 2002, 4 (1): 10-12.

6. Pratima Chatterjee: a study to assess the Effectiveness of planed teaching programme on the knowledge of GNM students regarding Breast cancer and Breast examination and the Ability to perform Breast self examination in selected school of nursing in West Bengal the nursing journal of India 2002, volume 43 : 93-94.

7. Hindle WH. Breast Care 1st ed, New York Springer Publisher.

8. Lepecka Klusek et al Breast Self Examination among Polish Women of Procreative age and the attached significance. Cancer Nursing 2006, 30 (1): 64-68.