RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

ANNEXURE – II

SYNOPSIS FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS
(IN BLOCK LETTERS) / DR. SHWETA NIDAVANI.
POST GRADUATE STUDENT,
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE - 577004
KARNATAKA
2. /

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

/

COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, DAVANGERE - 577004.

KARNATAKA.
3. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT /

MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY (M.D.S) IN ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS

4. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE /
30/5/2011
5. /

TITLE OF THE TOPIC

/ ‘’THE STUDY ON ORAL PERCEPTION IN PATIENTS WITH TONGUE THRUST HABIT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO MALOCCLUSION’’
6.
7. /
BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:
6.1: Need for the study
Function is the result of sensory motor reflex mechanism, which comprises sensory feedback and the motor response. Since a delicate equilibrium exists between sensory input and motor activity, disturbances in one part of system do not remain isolated but affect the whole system.1
If bad oral perception is a factor, it should be possible to assess its influence on tongue posture and displacement.2
The ability of the tongue can be tested through shape recognition or oral stereognosis.3
An incorrect sensory motor feedback mechanism may lead to stomatognathic dysfunction. In subjects with pernicious oral habits, motor activity is altered and adaptational tongue positional changes take place leading to malocclusions, such as open bite, cross bite, protrusion of teeth and deepening of palate.1
It is hence necessary and logical to evaluate sensory perception in conditions with faulty motor functions, such as tongue thrust.1
6.2 Review of literature
A study was conducted to define the influence of age, arch size, and oral dysfunction on oral stereognosis. The study concluded that oral stereognosis is sensitive to age, upper and lower anterior arch perimeter, and oral habits.4
A study was conducted to determine the influence of conscious bite (occlusal awareness) with or without bite raising on tongue thrust during swallowing and speech. The study concluded that slight raising of the bite increases occlusal awareness and its inhibiting effect on tongue thrust. A provisional occlusal plane or a similar overlay might be a useful adjunct in training the tongue to retrude in subjects with oral dysfunction.5
Investigators hold that tongue posture is more important than tongue function.6
Oral touch is important to articulation, according to authorities in speech therapy. This sence contributes to information about accuracy of the responses by the individual and measurement of responses has permitted investigation of the relationship between oral sensation and articulation, in normal children and children with speech defects. Oral stereognosisis is an approach to study the oral sensation and demonstration of reduced orosensory skill.7
Oral stereognostic tests can provide information related to the oral discriminatory skill of a patient. It can be administered in short period of time and require no exceptional or specialized clinical ability.8
Analysis of orofacial and jaw musculature is complicated by many sensory and motor interrelationship among teeth, tongue, lips, oral mucosa, jaw muscles and pharynx.6
Since there is an intimate relationship between sensory input and motor activity, deficiencies in psychosensory evaluation hamper the diagnosis of functional capability.9
6.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1.  To evaluate the sensory perception of individuals who are exhibiting tongue thrust habit.
2.  To correlate oral stereognosis with different malocclusion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 Source of data:

Forty children will be selected randomly and divided into two groups. One group will comprise of 20 subjects and the other with 20 subjects as controls.

7.2 Method of Collection of Data:
7.3 Criteria for selection of sample:
selected patients attending OPD of Department of Orthodontics, Randomly College of Dental Sciences, belonging to age group 8-15 years
Inclusion criteria
1.  Subjects with tongue thrust habit.
2.  Age of the subject should be 8-15 years.
3.  Comprehensive medical and dental history ruling out any systemic illness.
4.  Cooperative patients and parents who are willing to give consent when chosen.
Exclusion criteria
1.  Subjects presenting with craniofacial syndromes.
2.  Subjects who have undergone any orthodontic intervention.
Method of study:
Stereognostic investigation was made with a set of 5 different geometric configurations
made of appropriate thicknesss.
Each subject will undergo 3 trails; T1 without anesthesia ,T2 with topical anesthesia of tongue,T3 with topical anesthesia of palate, Recognition time (RT) of each stimulus was the main variable statically evaluated.
7.3: Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly:
Yes, the study needs flavored topical anesthesia application to tongue and palate.
7.4 : Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3
YES.

7.5: LIST OF REFERENCES:

1.  Premkumar S, Venkatesan A S, Rangachari S.Altered oral sensory perception in tongue thrusters with an anterior open bite, European Journal of Orthodontics; 33(2011)139-142.
2.  Graber TM, Swain B I.Orthodontics;Current Principles and Techniques.St Louis;mosby;1985.p 49.
3.  Bosma JF.Human infant function ;Bosma JF,Second symposium on oral sensation and perception.springfield IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher,1967.
p221-43.
4.  Dahan J S. Lelong O, Celant S , Leysen V,Oral perception in tongue thrust and other oral habits. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;118:358-91.
5.  Dahan J S, Lelong O, Effect of bite raising and occlusal awareness on tongue thrust in untreated children. AM J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:165-72.
6.  Graber TM, Functional Analysis.In GraberTM,RakosiT, PetrovicAG.Dentofacial Orthopedics with functional appeliance, 1997; 2nd ed,Mosby publication,st Louis,pp125-160.
7.  Graubard S A, Carrel R, .Chialastri A J. Journal of dentistry for children;1979,46 307-13.
8.  Litvak H,Sidney I.Silverman, Garfinkel L.Oral stereognosis in dentulous and edentulous subjects.J Prosthet Dent 1971;25:139-51.
9.  Moyers R E, Textbook of Orthodontics, 1988; 4th edition.Year book medical publishers, Chicago.Pg -197.
9. / SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
10. /

REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11. / NAME AND DESIGNATION OF :
11.1 GUIDE /

Dr. G. SHIVAPRAKASH

PROFESSOR,
DEPT. OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, DAVANGERE.
11.2  SIGNATURE /
11.3  CO-GUIDE (IF ANY) /
11.4  SIGNATURE /
11.5. HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT /

Dr. G. SHIVAPRAKASH

PROFESSOR AND HEAD DEPT. OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS,

COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, DAVANGERE.

11.6. SIGNATURE /
12. / 12.1 REMARKS OF THE
CHAIRMAN AND
THE PRINCIPAL
12.2 SIGNATURE