Q.1 (a) If specific weight of mercury is 140 kN/m3, calculate its mass density and specific gravity.
(b) The velocity of a body mass 200 kg changes from 3 m/s to 5 m/s in the same direction in a time of 20 seconds. Determine the applied force and the impulse.
(c) A pipe of 40 cm diameter carries water with a mean velocity of 3.5 m/s. If the pipe is bifurcated into two pipes of 20 cm diameter each, find the velocity and discharge in each pipe.
Q.2 (a) Differentiate the following:
(i) Steady flow and Unsteady flow
(ii) Ideal fluid and Real fluid
(b) Liquid of specific gravity 0.85 flows through a 20 cm diameter pipe under a pressure of 100.06 KN/m2.If the datum is 3.5 m below the center of the pipe and the total energy with respect to datum is 24 N.m/N, calculate the discharge.
(c) Describe the assumptions made in the derivation of Bernoull’s equation from Euler’s equation. Also, write Bernoulli’s equation defining each and every term involved in the equation.
Q.3 (a) Describe the trajectory method for determining the coefficient of velocity for a vertical orifice experimentally. Also give the neat sketch.
(b) A pipe carrying 0.246 cumecs of water suddenly contracts form 30 cm to 20 cm diameter. Calculate the coefficient of contraction if loss of head is 3.8 m.
(c) Water flows through a circular of diameter 1.00 m at the rate of 0.3 m3/s. If the slope of channel is 1/500 and the depth of flow is 500 mm, calculate the Chezy’s coefficient and velocity of flow.
Q.4 (a) With the help of a neat curve between rate of strain and shear stress, define ‘Newtonian Fluid’ and ‘Non-Newtonian Fluid’.
(b) Find the change in volume of 2 m3 of water when it is subjected to an increase in pressure of 1800 KN/m2. Take K = 2.21 106 KN/m2.
(c) A flat plate of 1 m2 area is moving at a velocity of 5 m/sec over another plate fixed at a distance of 1 mm from it. Determine the force required to move the upper plate at this velocity, If the liquid filled between these plates is an oil having viscosity of 2 poise.
Q.5 (a) Water flows through a pipe of 10 mm diameter at a velocity of 1 m/s. Determine the velocity of water if the pipe diameter gradually increases to 15 mm.
(b) A circular orifice, 4.0 cm diameter, is made in the vertical of a tank. The jet falls vertically through 0.6 m while moving horizontally through a distance of 1.84 m. Calculate the coefficient of velocity if the head causing flow is 1.5 m. If the discharge is 3.80 10-3 cumecs, calculate Cc and Cd.
(c) Obtain an expression for discharge through an orifice meter. Discuss the relative merits and demerits of an orifice meter with respect to a venturi meter.
Q.6 (a) A pipe carrying water suddenly enlarges from a diameter of 50 cm to 70 cm. If the discharge is 0.725 cumecs, calculate the loss of head due to sudden enlargement.
(b) A town having a population of 1.25 lakh is to be supplied water from a reservoir 5000 m away. It is stipulated that one half of the daily supply of 140 litres of per head is required in 8 hours. What must be the size of the pipe to furnish the water supply if the head available is 15 m ? Take Chezy’s C = 43.
(c) Water is discharged from a tank through a pipe of 350 mm diameter at the rate of 0.25 m3/s. Calculate the loss of head at
(i) the entry of the pipe if it is short-edged,
(ii) the exit of the pipe, and
(iii) the gate value.
Assume k = 0.20.
Q.7 (a) A flat plate 0.1 m2 area is pulled at 0.30 ms-1 relative to another plate located at a distance of 0.01 cm from it, the fluid separating them bring water with = 0.001 Ns/m2. Find the force to maintain the velocity.
(b) A rectangular box with base 2 m 3 m contains gasoline (specific gravity 0.7) upto a height of 5 m. Calculate the force on the base and on each of the vertical faces.
(c) A pipe consists of 3 pipes in series as follows :
(i)400 m long, 20 cm diameter
(ii)150 m long, 10 cm diameter
(iii)300 m long, 25 cm diameter
The first pipe takes off from a reservoir with water level at an elevation of 600.00 m. If the elevation of the pipe at the exit is 450.00 m, find the discharge. Assume f = 0.04. Neglect minor losses.
Q.8 (a) Explain with the help of a neat sketch the working of a siphon.
(b) Explain each with one example :
(i)steady and uniform flow
(ii)steady and gradually varied flow
(iii)steady and rapidly varied flow
(iv)unsteady and non-uniform flow
(c) A tank contains water of density 1,000 kg/m3 upto a height of 4 m above the base. An immiscible liquid of specific gravity 0.85 is filled on the top of that over 3 m depth. Calculate the pressure at a point 2.5 m below the free surface, at the interface and at another point 4m below the free surface.
Q.9 (a) List the differences between laminar flow and turbulent flow and explain the significance of Reynolds number.
(b) Two reservoirs are connected by two pipes of the same length laid in parallel. The diameters of the pipe are 20 cm and 55 cm respectively. If the discharge through 20 cm diameter pipe is 0.0012 cumecs, what will be the discharge through 55 cm pipe ?
Assume that f is the same for both pipes.
(c) Find the loss of head due to friction in a pipe carrying water. The pipe is 400m long and 20 cm in diameter. The discharge through the pipe is 0.08 cumes. Take f = 0.04.
Q.10 (a) An open channel has trapezoidal section with a base width of 2.5 m and side slopes of
1:1.If the depth is 1.60, determine the required slope for a discharge of 6 m3/s. Take N= 0.015.
(b) Write short notes on (any two) :
(i)Internal Mouthpiece
(ii)Bell-Mounted Orifice
(iii)Venturimeter
(iv)Continuity Equation
Q.1What is supervision? What are its aims/functions? Write short notes on the following:
(i)site organisation,
(ii)works site order book,
(iii)works diary, and
(iv)measurement book.
Q.2What roles does an organisation play in preparation of maintenance programme? What are the steps for planning annual maintenance of an organisation’s assets?
Q.3What do you understand by fire prevention/protection? Explain
(i)fire load,
(ii)fire classification, and
(iii)fire grading of materials.
Q.4Write a detailed note on acoustical defects in a building and commonly adopted methods of removing them.
Q.5Describe briefly the requirements of a good ventilation system. Describe various ventilation systems used in buildings.
Q.6Explain with suitable sketches
(i)built-up sections and its advantages, and
(ii)welded connections.
Q.7Write short notes on
(i)concrete mixers, and
(ii)stone crushes.
Q.8Explain manufacturing method of mechanisd bricks.
Q.9If a building is not provided with DPC (damp proof course) during construction, then, can a DPC be provided later? If yes, explain any two methods?
Q.10Explain any two methods of ground improvement.
Q.1 a) What is the importance of construction drawing during construction stage at a project site?
b) Briefly explain the methods of projection with the help of figures.
c) What is pictorial drawing and how it is different than orthographic drawing?
Q.2 a) Describe the parts and details those are accommodated in the drawing area.
b) What are the various methods for incorporating numerical values on a drawing?
c) Explain the standard ratios of lettering used in preparation of drawing.
Q.3. a) Prepare a list of general abbreviations which are used for dimensioning.
b) What are conventional breaks and how do these breaks help in preparation of a drawing?
c) Design a masonry footing on property line for a 230 mm thick compound wall of 2400 mm height above GL. The wind pressure on the wall is 250 N/m2, bearing capacity of soil is 125 kN/m2, angle of repose of soil is 32º, unit weight of soil is 21 kN/m2 and unit weight of masonry is 20 kN/m2.
Q.4 a) What are the general conditions for isolated and combined footing?
b) Differentiate between strap and combined footing based on their functions.
c) How the depth and width of the foundation is fixed?
Q.5 a) Sketch a raft footing showing the reinforcement details.
b) Explain with sketch, the specifications applicable to under-reamed pile foundation.
c) Describe with sketch, the various elements of an arch.
Q.6 a) Explain stone masonry arches with sketches.
b) Differentiate among flat brick, rough and axed brick arches.
c) Explain with sketches, RCC arches.
Q.7 a) Briefly explain the lengthening joints in timber with the help of sketches.
b) Define the bearing joints in timber with their specific uses.
c) Differentiate between lap joint and butt joint in structural steel.
Q.8 a) What are the various types of welding used for jointing steel members?
b) How are the riveted joints different than bolted joints?
c) With the help of sketch, explain the construction of a single leaf battened ledged and braced door.
Q.9 a) Explain the merits and demerits of steel windows over wooden windows.
b) Describe the properties and function of a staircase.
c) Differentiate between a king post truss and a queen post truss.
Q.10a) Explain the reinforcement details of a simple one way and two way slabs.
b) Define the features of stressed skin structure.
c) Describe the additional dimensional parameters for design purpose of flat slabs.
Q.1 a) How do the volume and density of earth undergo changes during earthwork activity in construction?
b) Describe a situation when placed and compacted earth volume has a volume more than the bank-measure volume.
c) Differentiate between the struck capacity and heaped capacity of excavating and hauling equipment. How the unit weight of soil is related with the rated capacity of any earthwork equipment?
d) Distinguish between theoretical cycle time and corrected cycle time. What effect these two have on production of construction equipment?
Q.2 a) How does rolling resistance differ from grade resistance?
b) What are the various steps involved in determining the number of particular type equipment required for a highway project?
c) What is meant by economic life of construction equipment?
d) Describe briefly the constant ratio method for calculating the depreciation of equipment.
Q.3 a) Explain briefly the operation of a power shovel and dragline.
b) Describe briefly the operations and output of motor graders.
c) Explain functioning of ladder dredges and suction dredge.
d) How does a bull dozer differ from a tree dozer?
Q.4 a) How is the size of a scraper defined? Explain the operation of a scraper.
b) Explain briefly the operation of sinker and feed leg drills.
c) What is a sheep’s foot roller? Why the cost per volume of compaction by this equipment is high?
d) Explain the working of a smooth-wheel roller.
Q.5 a) What are the drilling patterns for underground works? Describe briefly with sketches.
b) What are the various detonators used in blasting operation? Explain briefly.
Q.6 a) A construction company has hired a compacting roller at Rs 250 per hour. The roller travels at 5 kmph, time of rolling is 45 minutes, length of drum is 3.6 m, number of drums are 2, fraction of overlap is 1/6, layer thickness is 0.30 m and the number of passes given are 8. Find out the hire charges of roller to be paid for compacting 10,000 m3 of clay soil.
b) A construction equipment costs Rs 1,50,000 and has an expected life of 6 years and salvage value of Rs 5000. Compute the yearly depreciation taking (i=0.12) for the machine using Sum of the years’ digit method and sinking fund method.
Q.7 a) Briefly describe the delay detonators used in blasting operation.
b) What are the advantages of using hydraulic cranes over derrick cranes?
c) What are the various components of an elevator?
d) What are the conveyor belts? On which type of construction sites it may be purposeful?
Q.8 a) What factors determine the capacity of an escalator?
b) Briefly explain the operations and capacities of cableways.
c) What is a concrete batching? Why weigh-batchers are preferred over volume-batchers?
d) Define mass concrete. What are the normal practices for mixing and placing concrete at lower temperature?
Q.9 a) Why the cement content is kept high for the concrete to be placed by bottom-dump buckets?
b) Why pre-cooling of concrete ingredients are required in construction? Define the importance of liquid nitrogen in the process.
c) Explain the various processes of aggregate cooling.
d) What are the different parameters of a post-cooling embedded pipe systems used for control of concrete temperatures?
Q.10 a) Explain the four major types of inspection used in periodical maintenance.
b) Define the advantages of maintaining maintenance records.
c) What is an economic life of equipment? Define the parameters under which equipment may be replaced.
d) Explain all possible causes of accidents at a highway project site.
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