Propose the Main Food Product to Promote the Intake of Vitamin C

Name the metabolic pathway which is in need for vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅ supplement at the same time:

A. Krebs Cycle

B. Pentose Phosphate Cycle

C. Urea Cycle

D. Glycogenesis

E. Glycolysis

Propose the main food product to promote the intake of vitamin C:

A. Butter

B. Beef

C. Milk

D. Parsley

E. Black currant

Name the blood plasma index whose low value will prove the deficiency of vitamin K in patient:

A. Urea

B. Prothrombin

C. Immunoglobulin G

D. C-reactive protein

E. Albumins

A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multiple hemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vitamin is in this girl organism?

A. B₆

B. С

C. B₂

D. A

E. B₁

A patient presents with twilight vision impairment. Which of the following vitamins should be administered?

A. Nicotinic acid

B. Cyanocobalamin

C. Pyridoxine hydrochloride

D. Retinol acetate

E. Ascorbic acid

A patient presents with twilight vision impairment. Which of the following vitamins should be administered?

A. Nicotinic acid

B. Retinol acetate

C. Cyanocobalamin

D. Pyridoxine hydrochloride

E. Ascorbic acid

Choose the name of phase for vitamin K use in the formation of clotting factors:

A. Reparation

B. Transcription

C. Replication

D. Post-transcription

E. Post-translation

A patient suffers from vision impairment – hemeralopia (night blindness). What vitamin preparation should be administered the patient in order to restore his vision?

A. Retinol acetate

B. Tocopherol acetate

C. Pyridoxine

D. Thiamine chloride

E. Vicasol

Choose the vitamin, whose antivitamin is named as Dicoumarol:

A. Vitamin K

B. Vitamin B₆

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin A

E. Vitamin C

A patient with hypochromic anemia has splitting hair and loss of hair, increased nail bottling and taste alteration. What is the mechanism of the development of these symptoms?

A. Decreased production of parathyrin

B. Deficiency of iron-containing enzymes

C. Decreased production of thyroid hormones

D. Deficiency of vitamin A

E. Deficiency of vitamin B₁₂

Choose the vitamin, whose deficiency leads to osteomalacia at adults:

A. Vitamin D

B. Vitamin K

C. Vitamin PP

D. Vitamin E

E. Vitamin C

A patient who was previously ill with mastectomy as a result of breast cancer was prescribed radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked radioprotective action caused by antioxidant activity?

A. Ergocalciferol

B. Riboflavin

C. Thiamine chloride

D. Tocopherol acetate

E. Folic acid

After the disease a 16-year-old boy is presenting with decreased function of protein synthesis in the liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. This may cause disorder of:

A. Osmotic blood pressure

B. Anticoagulant production

C. Erythropoietin production

D. Blood coagulation

E. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Choose the vitamin which is important in non-oxidative decarboxylation, transamination and transsulfuration reactions from the following list:

A. Riboflavin

B. Pyridoxine

C. Pantothenic acid

D. Thiamine

E. Folic acid

Name the vitamin whose level in the blood is depended on the secretion rate of parathyroid hormone:

A. Ascorbic acid

B. Thiamine

C. Naphtoquinone

D. Calcitriol

E. Tocopherol

Point out vitamin which is the most indispensable during mitosis:

A. Ascorbinic acid

B. Pantotenic acid

C. Folic acid

D. Aspartic acid

E. Thiamine

Find out the Enzyme name whose activity is depended on the presence of vitamin B₂:

A. Malate dehydrogenase

B. Citrate synthase

C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

D. Succinate dehydrogenase

E. Pyruvate carboxylase

Choose the vitamin, which is a powerful natural antioxidant:

A. Tocopherol

B. Riboflavin

C. Retinal

D. Ergocalciferol

E. Pyridoxine

Find out the fat-soluble vitamin whose function is hormone-similar one:

A. Vitamin PP

B. Vitamin D

C. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin C

E. Vitamin E

The avitaminosis of ascorbic acid is named as:

A. Scurvy

B. Cushing`s syndrome

C. Addison`s disease

D. Kwashiorkor

E. Hemolytic anemia

Choose the vitamin, whose molecule structure is unsaturated cyclic alcohol (one hydroxide-group only):

A. Vitamin D₂

B. Vitamin H

C. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin F

E. Vitamin B₅

Choose the most active form of vitamin D₃:

A. 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

B. Calcidiol

C. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol

D. 25-Hydroxyergocalciferol

E. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

What reaction is in need of vitamin K?

A. Oxidation

B. Hydroxylation

C. Alpha-decarboxylation

D. Methylation

E. Gamma-carboxylation

Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?

A. Low caloric value of diet

B. Lack of palmitic acid

C. Lack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K.

D. Lack of vitamins PP, H

E. Lack of oleic acid

Choose the correct definition of vitamin:

A. Food factors that cannot be synthesized in human organism

B. Essential biologic amines

C. Organic compounds, containing amino group

D. Essential food proteins

E. Essential energy sources

Point out the vitamin, whose deficiency leads to pellagra:

A. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin B₂

C. Vitamin P

D. Vitamin B₃

E. Vitamin A

Choose the vitamin that contains the isoalloxazine fragment in its structure:

A. Naphtoquinone

B. Ubiquinone

C. Riboflavin

D. Thiamine

E. Pyridoxine

Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?

A. Avitaminosis B₃

B. Avitaminosis B₉

C. Avitaminosis E

D. Avitaminosis B₂

E. Avitaminosis B₁

Vitamin A group contains substance whose function is associated mainly with stimulation of proliferation and differentiation processes in tissues. Name it:

A. Retinal

B. Retinoic acid

C. Nicotine amide

D. Pantothenic acid

E. Nicotinic acid

Which vitamin is related to cofactor in glycine metabolism?

A. Thiamine

B. Folic acid

C. Pantothenic acid

D. Cobalamin

E. Tocopherol

Choose the vitamin, whose precursor is named as β-carotene:

A. Vitamin P

B. Vitamin B₁₂

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin D

E. Vitamin A

Hydroxylation of endogenous subrates and xenobiotics requires a donor of protons. Which of the following vitamins can play this role?

A. Vitamin B₆

B. Vitamin P

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin E

E. Vitamin A

Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagen fibers. What vitamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation?

A. Vitamin K

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin E

D. Vitamin A

E. Thiamine

On the ground of clinical presentations a patient was prescribed pyridoxal phosphate. This medication is recommended for correction of the following processes:

A. Desammation of purine nucleootides

B. Protein synthesis

C. Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids

D. Synthesis of purine and perimidin bases

E. Oxidative decarboxylation of ketonic acids

Point out the vitamin, which is soluble in lipids:

A. Vitamin B₁

B. Vitamin H

C. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin C

E. Vitamin PP

The structural analogue of vitamin B₂ is administered (acriсhine) in a case of enterobiasis. The disorder of which enzyme synthesis is caused by this medicine in microorganisms?

A. Peptidases

B. Cytochrome oxidases

C. NAD-dependent dehydrogenases

D. Aminotransferases

E. FAD-dependent dehydrogenases

There is disturbed process of Ca2+ absorption through intestinal wall after the removal of gall bladder in patient:

A. C

B. B12

C. D₃

D. K

E. PP

A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease?

A. Folic acid

B. Riboflavin

C. Thiamine

D. Pyridoxine

E. Ascorbic acid

A 9-month-old infant is fed with artifical formulas with unbalanced vitamin B₆ concentration. The infant presents with pellagral dermatitis, convulsions, anaemia. Convulsions development might be caused by the disturbed formation of:

A. GABA

B. DOPA

C. Histamine

D. Serotonin

E. Dopamine

During examination of an 11-month-old infant a pediatrician revealed osteoectasia of the lower extremities and delayed mineralization of cranial bones. Such pathology is usually provoked by the deficit of the following vitamin:

A. Thiamin

B. Pantothenic acid

C. Riboflavin

D. Bioflavonoids

E. Cholecalciferol

There is an inhibited coagulation in the patients with bile ducts obstruction, bleeding due to the low level of absorption of vitamin. What vitamin is in deficiency?

A. D

B. Carotene

C. K

D. A

E. E

Choose the vitamin, whose oxidation results in blue fluorescing product under UV-light:

A. Ascorbic acid

B. Rutin

C. Folic acid

D. Pyridoxine

E. Thiamine

The glycolysis duration is in need for one vitamin, only. Name it:

A. Thiamine

B. Nicotinic acid

C. Riboflavin

D. Ascorbic acid

E. Pyridoxal phosphate

A 6 y.o child was administered vicasol to prevent postoperative bleeding. Vicasol is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translation changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:

A. Glycosylation

B. Polymerization

C. Partial proteolysis

D. Phosphorylation of serine radicals

E. Carboxylation of glutamic acid residues

Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avitaminosis. This disease declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitaminosis?

A. Scurvy

B. Biermer's anemia

C. Rachitis

D. Polyneuritis (beriberi)

E. Pellagra

Choose the correct statement about vitamin K:

A. It is present in increased amount in cows and breast milk

B. It is helpful in preventing thrombosis

C. It is synthesized by intestinal bacteria

D. It is derived to coenzyme of &alpha-decarboxylases

E. It increases a coagulation time in infants with hemorrhagic diseases

Pyruvate concentration in the patient's urine has increased 10 times from normal amount. What vitamin deficiency can be the reason of this change:

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin B₆

D. Vitamin B₁

E. Vitamin E

A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which results in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?

A. Hypocalcemia

B. Vitamin K insufficiency

C. Activation of tissue thromboplastin

D. Fibrinogen deficiency

E. PP hypovitaminosis

After the disease a 16-year-old boy is presenting with decreased function of protein synthesis in the liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. This may cause disorder of:

A. Blood coagulation

B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

C. Erythropoietin production

D. Anticoagulant production

E. Osmotic blood pressure

Find out the vitamin whose deficiency is associated with damaged transamination of amino acids:

A. Thiamine

B. Folic acid

C. Pyridoxine

D. Rutin

E. Ascorbic acid

Different functional groups may be found in the structure of L-amino acid residues of proteins. Identify the group that is able to form ester bond:

A. –SH

B. –NH[sub]2[/sub]

C. –CH[sub]3[/sub]

D. –OH

E. –CONH[sub]2[/sub]

The mixture of proteins can be separated by salting-out. Specify the reagent formula that is used for this purpose:

A. C[sub]6[/sub]H[sub]6[/sub]

B. HNO[sub]3[/sub]

C. H[sub]3[/sub]PO[sub]4[/sub]

D. C[sub]2[/sub]H[sub]5[/sub]OH

E. NaCl

Histones are related to basic proteins. That is because there is high content of basic amino acid residues in their structure. Point out these amino acids:

A. Аlanine, Glycine

B. Arginine, Lysine

C. Tryptophan, Tyrosine

D. Asparagine, Glutamine

E. Leucine, Valine

Point out the type of bond allowing the formation of alpha-helix structure:

A. Disulfide bond between two cysteine radicals

B. Hydrogen bonds between peptide fragments

C. Hydrogen bonds between side-chain radicals

D. Electrostatic interaction

E. Ester bond between side chain radicals

Proteins are obligatory components of human diet. Specify the function of proteins in this case:

A. Transport

B. Structural

C. Catalytic

D. Nutritive

E. Regulatory

Protonation and deprotonation at neutral pH occurs for one amino acid from following list. Point out it:

A. Histidine

B. Aspartic acid

C. Glycine

D. Alanine

E. Tryptophan

The proteins are able to carry out the regulatory function. Find out those protein:

A. Insulin

B. Immunoglobulin G

C. Aminopeptidase

D. Collagen

E. Hemoglobin

How many polypeptide chains (the least number) may be represented in quaternary structure of protein molecule?

A. Four

B. Two

C. Three

D. One

E. Five

The yellow color sediment appearance after the addition of strong nitric acid to albumin solution is due to the presence of aromatic acid residues in protein composition. Choose those one:

A. L-alanine

B. L-tyrosine

C. L-methionine

D. L-serine

E. L-proline

Alpha- helix and Beta -pleated sheet are examples of:

A. Primary structure

B. Quaternary structure

C. Tertiary structure

D. All positions are wrong

E. Secondary structure

What class of proteins Albumins and Globulins are related to?

A. Metalloproteins

B. Glycoproteins

C. Simple proteins

D. Chromoproteins

E. Lipoproteins

The solubility of proteins in saline solutions is determined by their native structure. Point out the protein, which will swell only in saline solution:

A. Immunoglobulin

B. Pepsin

C. Myoglobin

D. Elastin

E. Albumin

All proteins are divided into simple and conjugated ones. Find out the simple proteins among these ones:

A. Albumin of egg

B. Globulin of egg

C. Protamine

D. Histone

E. All the proteins presented

All are aromatic amino acids EXCEPT:

A. All the positions are correct

B. Lysine

C. Tyrosine

D. Phenylalanine

E. Tryptophan

Protein properties may be changed under the influence of some factors. Find out them:

A. The temperature of the environment

B. Strong acidic medium

C. Strong alkaline medium

D. Organic solvent

E. All the factors that are present

Polypeptide chains of collagen include specific amino acids. Name one of them:

A. Formyl-methyonine

B. Hydroxyproline

C. Ornithine

D. Beta-alanine

E. Cysteine

What physical-chemical property is observed for fibrous protein only?

A. Elasticity

B. Amphoteric properties

C. Solubility in water

D. Solubility in lipids

E. Denaturation and renaturation

Half saturation test using salting-out is done for:

A. Fibrin

B. Globulin

C. Haemoglobin

D. Prothrombin

E. Albumin

There are many important protein functions in the human organism. Point out that of them, which isn't peculiar for proteins – to be :

A. Antibody

B. Catalyst

C. Transfer of substances

D. Solvent

E. Structural component of a cell

The polypeptide chain gets the globular structure after the formation of various bonds between the radicals of amino acid residues. Specify the strongest bond in the globular structure:

A. Hydrogen bond

B. Sodium hydroxide

C. Hydrophobic interaction

D. Disulfide bond

E. Donor-acceptor bond

F. Electrostatic interaction

The isoelectric point (I.P.) of a protein depends upon the amino acids composition of the protein. Choose the amino acid which high content in protein molecule decreases its I.P. value:

A. Aspartic acid

B. Аlanine

C. Leucine

D. Histidine

E. Tryptophan

The tertiary structure of protein is formed mainly due to disulfide bonds between side radicals of one amino acid, only. Point out it:

A. Lys

B. His

C. Met

D. Asp

E. Cys

Which of the following bonds are intact during denaturation of proteins:

A. Ionic bonds

B. All positions are correct

C. Peptide bonds

D. Hydrogen bonds

E. Hydrophobic bonds

Ninhydrin is a reagent to prove the presence of alpha-amino group in the structure of amino acid due to change of its color (violet color is observed). Choose the amino acid whose solution changes the color of this reagent in other way – it becomes yellow:

A. L-methionine

B. L-serine

C. L-tyrosine

D. L-proline

E. L-alanine

Biuret test is mainly done for:

A. Any of the proposed

B. Polysaccharides

C. Lipids

D. Dipeptides

E. Proteins

What type of amino acids mainly is represented as residues in proteins of human body?

A. D-alpha-imino acids

B. L-alpha-amino acids

C. D-beta-amino acids

D. L-beta-amino acids

E. D-alpha-amino acids

Choose the factor that causes the sedimentation of protein in solution without denaturation:

A. Toluene

B. Nitric acid

C. Sodium hydroxide

D. Sulfuric acid

E. Ammonia sulfate

The content of these amino acids in the composition of acidic protein Pepsin is too big in comparison with the content of other amino acids in it. Name them:

A. Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid

B. Alanine and Glycine

C. Lysine and Arginine

D. Tyrosine and Tryptophan

E. Valine and Leucine

Primary structure of proteins is formed due to one type of bonds. Point out it:

A. Metal bond

B. Hydrogen bond

C. Ester bond

D. Peptide bond

E. Disulfide bond

The isoelectric point of simple protein equals 7.2. Propose the pH of buffer solution used for the electrophoresis method to separate this protein from the mixture with a condition to leave it on the start line of carrier:

A. pH=7.0

B. pH=7.4

C. pH=7.6

D. pH=7.2

E. pH=5.0

What amino acid high content presence in the composition of polypeptide chain does not allow the formation of alpha-helical structure as secondary level of organization?

A. Threonine

B. Proline

C. Glycine

D. Serine

E. Alanine

The structural proteins are involved in maintaining the shape of a cell or in the formation of matrices in the body. Point out shape of these proteins:

A. Globular

B. All the proposed

C. Stretch of beads

D. Fibrous

E. Planar

The molecule of simple protein insulin contains two polypeptide chains. Specify the level of protein organization, at which the insulin is able to act as hormone:

A. A conformation after limited proteolysis

B. Secondary

C. Quaternary

D. Primary

E. Tertiary

Which method is appropriate for the determination of total protein content in the blood serum:

A. Salting out

B. Electrophoresis

C. Dialysis

D. Fole’s test

E. Biuretic method

There is the use of electrophoresis for separation of proteins of blood plasma to prove diagnosis of diseased persons. Name the property of proteins that is the basis for the principle of electrophoresis method:

A. The high viscosity of the solution

B. The net charge of the molecule

C. The big mass of the molecule

D. Optical activity

E. The ability of swelling

Toxic affection of liver results in dysfunction of protein synthesis. It is usually accompanied by the following kind of dysproteinemia:

A. Absolute hyperproteinemia

B. Relative hyperproteinemia

C. Absolute hypoproteinemia

D. Paraproteinemia

E. Relative hypoproteinemia

The diseased person with diagnosis acute kidney insufficiency is in urological department of hospital. Choose the method for cleaning of this person`s blood from low-molecular compounds which can cause toxic effect in the organism:

A. Electrophoresis

B. Salting-out

C. Hydrolysis

D. Dialysis

E. Affine chromotography

Point out a possible cause of hypoproteinemia:

A. Paraproteinemia

B. Affected liver cells

C. Overeating

D. Multiple myeloma

E. Decreased permeability of the capillary wall

Flavoproteins are usually catalysts in a cell due to the presence of special vitamin fragment in their structure. Name this vitamin:

A. Nicotin amide

B. Folic acid

C. Riboflavin

D. Ascorbic acid

E. Pantothenic acid

Name the location of deoxyribonucleoproteins in eukaryotic cell, but not in the nucleus:

A. Endoplasmic reticulum

B. Mitochondria

C. Lisosome

D. Microsome

E. Cytoplasma

Albumins of blood plasma are negative charged under the condition of electrophoresis method duration. What electrode type will you choose for albumins directed movement in the electric field?