LIST OF QUESTIONS TO DIFFERENTIAL CREDIT
on the subject "Neonatology"
1. A healthynewbornbaby. Anatomical andfunctionalcharacteristicsandtransientconditions. Criteriaformorphologicalandfunctionalmaturity. Temperature chain. Clinicalexaminationofnewborns.
2. Carefornewbornshealthybaby. Vaccinationandscreeningstudyofnewborns. Caringfortheskin, eyes, umbilical wound. Theprinciplesandbenefitsofbreastfeeding. Calculationoffeeding full-termbaby. Thecriteria andrulesfordischargefromthehospital.
3. Definitionof "prematurity". Classificationofpreterminfants deppend of "birthweight",according to physicaldevelopmentandgestationalage.
4. Causesofintrauterinegrowthretardation . Featuresadaptationof childrenwithIUGRandprinciplesofnursing.
5. Evaluationofmorphologicalandfunctional neuro- maturepreterminfants (on a scaleBalard).
6. Featuresthermoregulationprematureinfants, hypothermiapreventionmethod.
7. Preventionandtreatmentofhypoglycemiainpreterminfants.
8. Mechanismsofhyperbilirubinemia, prematurity, possible results. Management.
9. Emergency help of apnea inpreterminfants. Indicationsfortheuseofmechanicalventilation. Complicationsofprolongedmechanicalventilation: bronchopulmonarydysplasia, retinopathyofprematurechildren.
10. Levels of care about preterminfants. Principlesoftransportation. Criteriafordischargefromhospital.
11. Featuresof dispensary care forprematurechildrenintheclinic. Preventionofanemia, lactosedeficiency,dysbiosis, rickets.
12. Principlesoffeedingpreterminfants. Methods of feedingdependingongestationalageand condition of child. Therecommendedamountofenteralnutrition.
13. Etiological , clinicalandlaboratorycriteriafordiagnosisof "asphyxianewborn".
14. Modernviewsonthepathogenesisofasphyxia. Compensatorymechanismsofthefetus organism onresponsetohypoxia.
15. CriteriaforseverityofasphyxiaaccordingtoApgarscore, pHandsignsofdysfunctionoforgansandsystems.
16. Thealgorithmof primary resuscitation to a childwithasphyxiaatbirth, dependingonthepresenceorabsenceofmekonium aspiration syndrome.
17. Thedefinitionof “birthinjury” andrisk factor of development.
18. Birth injuriesoftissues. Adyponekroz. Damage sternocleidomastoidmuscle. Differentialdiagnosisof caput succedaneum and Cephalhematoma.
19. Birth injury of spinalcord and brachialplexus. ParesisandparalysisDuchenne -Erb, Dezherin - Klyumpke.
20. Differentialdiagnosisofintracranialhemorrhagehypoxic and traumaticoriginin ofnewborns.
21. Theconceptofthesurfactantsystemofthelungs. FactorsofRDSinnewborns. Mechanismofhyalinemembranes. Themethodsofantenatalprophylaxis.
22. SilvermanandDownes scoring system to evaluate severity of respiratory distress
23. MethodsofantenatalandpostnataldiagnosticRDS. Radiographicsignsof RDS.
24. Principlesoftreatmentof RDS innewborns. Respiratorysupport. Surfactant therapy.
25. Classificationofneonatalpneumonia dependingontherouteanddurationofinfection. Etiology
26. Riskfactorsforpneumoniaininfants. Pathogenesis .
27. Peculiaritiesofpneumoniaininfants dependingontherouteofinfectionandetiology.
28. Principlesofdiagnosisandtreatmentofpneumoniaininfants. Features of etiological therapy.
29. Erythrocyticantigenofhumanblood. EtiologyandpathogenesisofHDN.
30. ClassificationofHDN. Clinicalandlaboratorycriteriaanemic, ictericformofHDN.Hydrops fetalis.
31. CriteriaforseverityHDN. Stages ofbilirubinencephalopathy.
32. Themethodsofantenataldiagnosisandpreventionofhemolyticdiseaseofthefetus.
33. Indicationsforexchange bloodtransfusion. Techniqueandcomplications.
34. MethodsofconservativetherapyHDN . Themechanismofactionofphototherapy.
35. Featuresofthehemostaticsystemininfants. Determinantsofhemorrhagicdisease . Clinicalfeaturesofearly , classicandlateformsofhemorrhagicdisease .
36. Differentialdiagnosisofhemorrhagicdiseaseand DIC syndrome.Emergancy help forgastrointestinalbleeding . Treatmentandpreventionofhemorrhagicdisease.
37. Thedefinitionof “TORCH” infection.Riskfactors congenital infections.
38. Natureofthelesioninthe congenital infections dependingonthedurationandpathfetalinfection .
39. Methodsforearlydetectionandprevention congenital infections.
40. Clinicalmanifestations congenital infectionsdependingontheetiology (congenitaltoxoplasmosis, rubella, neonatalherpesandcytomegalovirusinfection).
41. WaysofHIV transmissionfrommothertochild.
42. Classificationandclinical manifestation HIV inchildren. Diagnosis.
43. Antiretroviralprophylaxis.
44. Principlesoftreatment congenital infections.Etiologycal andimmunotherapy.
45. Omphalitis. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Classification. Diagnosis. Preventionandtreatment.
46. Pyoderma, Ritter’s disease. Etiology , clinicalfeatures , treatment. Prevention.
47. Thedefinitionof "neonatalsepsis". Risk factors.
48. Classificationandetiologyofneonatalsepsis.
49. Clinicalandlaboratorycriteriaforneonatalsepsis.
50. Principlesoftreatmentandprophylaxisofneonatalsepsis.