PROGRAM PROVIDER: National Perinatal Association 2008

Loma Linda, California.

Review of Stomach Capacity and Infant Feeding Frequency

DATE: November 2008

FACULTY: Nils Bergman, MD. MPH, PhD (Original: MB ChB, MPH, MD)

OBJECTIVES
The participant will be able to / CONTENT / TIME / METHODS
1. Relate additional neuroscience processes that impact breastfeeding. / I. Neuroscience on frequency
A. Sleep definitions
B. Memory formation
C. Sleep cycling / 10 / Lecture
Powerpoint
Slides
2. Discuss the validity of the data provided to justify stomach capacity. / II. Stomach volume
A. Review anatomy physiology
B. Available data and studies
C. Assumptions on intervals / 15 / Powerpoint
3. Estimate from basic data an optimal feeding frequency in the newborn period. / III. Hypothesis on frequency derived
A. Re-interpretation of data
B. Distribution of ingested milk
C. Terminology proposals
D. State organization and cycling
E. Volume and interval math’ / 20 / Powerpoint
4. Predict some of the consequences of failure to abide by biologically expected parameters for infant feeding. / IV. Significance and implications
A. Evidence for current practice
B. Epigenetics (genome, DNA)
C. EEA and fetal programming
D. Anthropological evidence
E. Mammalian milk evidence / 15 / Powerpoint
VI. Questions and answers / 15 / Q & A
Discussion
75

Selected key references:

Neurological aspects of breastfeeding (1-5)

Neuroscience on frequency (6) = Ludington, Pediatrics, 2006

Stomach volume (7-9) = Scammon 1920, Zangen 1993, Naveed 1994

Hypothesis on frequency derived

Significance and implications (10) = Gluckman 2005

Reference List

(1) Meier P. Bottlefeeding and breastfeeding in premature infants. Nurs Res 1988 January;37(1):36-41.

(2) Mizuno K, Mizuno N, Shinohara T, Noda M. Mother-infant skin-to-skin contact after delivery results in early recognition of own mother's milk odour. Acta Paediatr 2004 December;93(12):1640 & 1560-1645 & 1562.

(3) Uvnas-Moberg K, Widstrom AM, Marchini G, Winberg J. Release of GI hormones in mother and infant by sensory stimulation. Acta Paediatr Scand 1987 November;76(6):851-60.

(4) Uvnas-Moberg K. Gastrointestinal hormones in mother and infant. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1989;351:88-93.

(5) Wahlberg V. The "Kangaroo method" and breastfeedng in low birth weight babies. Nytt on U-landshalsovard 1991;5(3):22-7.

(6) Ludington-Hoe Sm, Johnson MW, Morgan K, Lewis T, Gutman J, Wilson D et al. Neurophysiologic assessment of neonatal sleep organization: Preliminary results of a randomized, controlled trial of skin contant with preterm infants. Pediatrics 2006 May;112(5):e909-e923.

(7) Naveed M, Manjunath CS, Sreenivas, V. An autopsy Study of Relationship between Perinatal Stomach Capacity and Birth Weight. Indian J Gastroenterol 1992;11(4):156-8.

(8) Scammon RE, Doyle LO. Observations of the capacity of the stomach in the first ten days of post natal life. American Journal of Diseases in Children 1920;516-38.

(9) Zangen s, Lorenzo CD, Zangen T, Mertz H, Schwankovsky L. Rapid Maturation of gastric relaxation in newborn infants. Pediatr Res 2001;50(5):629-32.

(10) Gluckman P, Hanson M. The Fetal Matrix Evolution, Development and Disease. The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge; 2005.